When THC and CBD are combined in equal ratios, they provide a safer and more effective treatment for neuropathic pain compared to the traditional treatments.
Are cannabis-derived cannabinoids the ultimate panacea to the opioid crisis? A new study that was published recently in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research has made interesting revelations on the safety and effectiveness of cannabinoids versus opioids in treating chronic pain. Is seems the cannabinoids (THC/CBD) are better than opioids in managing chronic pain.
From the study, it emerged that cannabinoids (THC and CBD) have a greater benefit-safety profile compared to opioids used to manage chronic neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain, simply known as nerve pain, is termed chronic when it persists for more than three months. The pain is usually sharp and burning and is likely to be debilitating. The causes vary and include diabetes and cystitis among others. Traditional treatment for neuropathic pain includes the use of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and opioids.
The study was conducted by a team of pain specialists and psychiatrists, patient representatives, and scientists. 12 different pharmacological treatments including THC and CBD were considered for the study. The researchers sought to compare the safety and benefits of the drug compounds. The researchers created a model (multicriterion decision analysis) to score the performance of each drug in terms of safety and clinical benefits.
Here’s what the research revealed:
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A combination of THC and CBD in a ratio of 1:1 had the highest score (79)
CBD dominant treatment followed with a score of 74
THC dominant treatment came third with a score of 72
Duloxetine and Gabapentin’s scored in the 60s
Amitriptyline, Tramadol, and Ibuprofen scored in the 50s
Methadone and Oxycodone scored in the 40s
Morphine and Fentanyl scored in the 30s
An analysis of the results showed that a THC and CBD combination provided significantly higher safety benefits so much so that even if the pain reduction and quality of life score was halved it wouldn’t change the result.
What does this mean?
When THC and CBD are combined in equal ratios, they provide a safer and more effective treatment for neuropathic pain compared to the traditional treatments. While the combination had a score of 79, opioids had a score that ranged between the 30s- 60s. This supports previous research that suggests that cannabinoids can help with the opioid epidemic crisis that’s ravaging millions in its wake.
Cannabis is such an effective recovery aid that many professional athletes have secretly used cannabis to help them recover, even when it might have cost them their career.
We all know exercise is good for us. But sometimes we forget recovery is just as important. To get back to the activity you love, you need to recover in an optimal amount of time. The body has natural mechanisms of recovery, but with work, kids and social obligations, sometimes life gets in the way and recovery takes a backseat to training. But if you repeatedly exercise without letting your body recover, you can put yourself in a state of overreaching that can negatively affect your mood and energy levels.
Many people use cannabis and CBD products to help them recover quickly from the wear and tear of exercise or daily life.
What Does Using Cannabis to Recover From Exercise Look Like?
It could be an ICU nurse finishing a grueling shift and taking a puff from a CBD cartridge to ease her aching feet; a martial artist massaging a 1:1 salve into his battered joints to get back into the dojo as soon as possible; or an active mother juggling workouts, kids and a new business who uses cannabis tinctures to relax, improve her appetite, and sleep soundly through the night. Regardless of how you use it, cannabis and CBD can aid many of your body’s natural healing mechanisms.
Does Cannabis Speed Up Recovery?
Cannabis is such an effective recovery aid that many professional athletes have secretly used cannabis to help them recover, even when it might have cost them their career. Why? Because cannabis has pain relieving, appetite enhancing, stress relieving, sleep enhancing and mood boosting effects—all factors that contribute to a timely recovery.
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Nate Jackson, the former tight end for the Denver Broncos, wrote an opinion piece in 2017 for the Los Angeles Times, discussing his cannabis use while playing in the NFL—during a time when team doctors rampantly over-prescribed opiates. Jackson wrote:
“By the time I tore my groin off the bone, in 2007, I was medicating only with cannabis. The team doctors cheered the speed at which I was healing, but I couldn’t disclose to them all that I was experiencing — no pain, no inflammation, restful sleep, vigorous appetite, a clear head. Despite the positive results that I and many others were getting from our own regimens, we had to remain generally mum about cannabis.”
Many casual athletes have also recognized the recovery-enhancing benefits of cannabis. According to a 2019 survey that Jointly discussed in Can Adult Athletes Benefit From Cannabis, over 75% of adults who use cannabis after exercising do so to improve recovery.
A separate survey from 2019 conducted by social psychologist Angela Bryan assessed how cannabis users consumed marijuana in relation to exercise, and found that 77% of people who used cannabis with exercise agreed or strongly agreed that “cannabis enhances recovery from exercise.”
People certainly feel that cannabis helps them recover better and faster, but what does the science say? Unfortunately, due to federal prohibition on cannabis, researchers have not done controlled studies looking at how cannabis affects physical recovery. However, there are various mechanisms by which cannabis or CBD could aid recovery.
What Is Recovery?
Exercise, particularly high-intensity and resistance exercise, creates damage in the form of “perturbations of the skeletal muscle,” which results in a loss of strength that continues until your body repairs itself. This damage is called exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and is characterized by a complex process involving delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling and inflammation. These symptoms generally peak around 24-48 hours after exercise, and are recovered in about 7 days.
Researchers have stated, “Precisely defining ‘recovery from exercise’ is a challenging task due to the varied means of recovery.” For example, are you recovered when you are fully healed back to baseline, or simply ready for additional training stress?
Despite the debate over the term, recovery is generally considered to be the resolution of pain, soreness, swelling and inflammation, paired with the adaption of the tissue and a return to normal strength. In the context of physical recovery, inflammation is not the enemy, but rather “a key process underlying muscular repair and regeneration.”
When you use cannabis or CBD to recover, the goal is to aid and accelerate your body’s natural repair mechanisms with cannabis or CBD to get you back on the trail, the court or the slopes.
Photo by Caley Vanular via Unsplash
What Does the Science Say?
The body has natural mechanisms of recovery, so what gets in the way?
Time seems to be a limiting factor, but no one can get more hours in the day, so sports medicine scientists have indicated that using additional therapies to alleviate symptoms of muscle damage “may be advantageous to individuals who require rapid recovery between bouts of physical activity.” And there is ample anecdotal evidence that cannabis is one of the most effective natural therapies for accelerating physical recovery.
Why Might Cannabis Help People Recover?
Dr. Michael Gleeson, a professor of exercise biochemistry at Loughborough University, discussed six factors that can decrease recovery from exercise: muscle soreness; poor exercise performance; decrease in appetite; infection; quality and quantity of sleep; gastrointestinal abnormalities.
One factor that Dr. Gleeson does not mention is psychological stress, which research has shown adversely affects muscle recovery in the short term after exercise-induced damage.
While the effects of cannabis on exercise recovery have not been directly studied, there is evidence that cannabis and CBD can benefit several of these conditions that inhibit recovery, specifically muscle soreness, appetite, sleep, and psychological stress.
Inflammation
Intense exercise “triggers a flood of chemicals known as cytokines, some of which inflame muscles, that manifests as soreness the next day.” As discussed in Can Athletes Benefit from CBD, numerous studies have demonstrated that CBD exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. In preclinical trials, CBD inhibited production of “pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species” and stimulated production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Pain and Soreness
Exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with significant muscle pain and soreness. Specifically for exercise induced muscle damage, the conventional methods of treating pain seem to actually negatively affect muscle adaption. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually the first-line of defense against pain and soreness after a vigorous workout, but these drugs “have been reported to attenuate exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaption.” That means that Ibuprofen may actually limit the ability of your muscle to recover from training.
In elite sporting contexts, players are often overprescribed opiates to treat their persistent pain and soreness. However, opiates are lethal in high doses and profoundly addictive, whereas it is physically impossible to ingest a lethal dose of cannabis, and cannabis products have far lower potential for abuse.
This reality forced the NFL to change their rules in 2020 such that the League will not suspend players if they test positive for cannabis. Many people have found great success in treating their muscle pain and soreness with CBD or cannabis.
The endocannabinoid system “has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of a wide range of physiological processes including neurotransmission, pain perception and inflammation.” According to researchers who study cannabis and pain, “it is not an exaggeration to state that all experimentation using animal models of pain” have suggested that cannabis exerts a significant analgesic effect.
Photo by Alexander Redl via Unsplash
Eating
With all of the stress of modern life, sometimes it can be challenging to work up an appetite even if you have worked out. However, eating is one of the most important parts of recovery. In the sports science world, it is well known that “negative energy balance will interfere with wound healing,” which means that if you eat too few calories, your body will not have the building blocks to recover. Cannabis makes most people want to eat, which is great in the context of physical recovery.
As far back as 300 C.E., physicians in India recommended cannabis “to treat loss of appetite.” Scientists consider THC and other CB1 receptor agonists to “reliably induce hyperphagia.” As a result, many athletes and active individuals use the appetite enhancing aspect of cannabis to boost their recovery. For example, an anonymous former college basketball player said, “You could be smoking as like an appetite enhancer. I’d be putting on more weight and more muscle in the gym.”
Sleep
Whether it is work stress, caffeine, kids, light pollution or your downstairs neighbor, sometimes you just can’t get the sleep you need to recover. Many people use cannabis and CBD to fall asleep and stay asleep longer. According to strength coach Anthony Ricciuto, “Muscle damage from a workout gets repaired during the sleep cycle—the body’s cells are recycled and a cascade of different hormones is activated to produce muscle growth.”
As we explored in Can Cannabis Help Seniors Sleep, researchers have found that daily cannabis use led to greater total sleep time in older adults. For an in-depth look at how you can use cannabis to improve your sleep, head over to Cannabis, CBD and Improving Sleep.
Psychological Stress
While Gleeson et al. does not discuss psychological stress as a factor that can inhibit recovery, there is evidence that “life event stress” decreases short term muscle recovery, even when controlling for physical fitness, workload and training experience.
While there is no research specifically looking at the way cannabis impacts psychological stress and how that relates to physical recovery from exercise, perhaps the acute psychological benefits of consuming cannabis or CBD contribute to its usefulness as a recovery aid.
There are many ways cannabis and CBD can help you recover, so how can you find out if cannabis or CBD is the right choice for you?
Use Jointly to Recover with Cannabis and CBD
Use Jointly, a brand-new cannabis wellness app, to learn if cannabis and CBD can help you achieve your wellness goals. Jointly is a free tool that allows you to track and record your CBD and cannabis consumption, including the dose, time of use, composition of the cannabis product and various other factors that can influence your experience.
As you track your cannabis consumption on Jointly, you will learn about the factors that can impact your cannabis experience and how to eliminate side effects. You will also gain important insights from the Jointly community. For example, in general Jointly users find better results with physical recovery when consuming tinctures or topicals versus flower or edibles. To learn why we might be seeing these data, head over to Jointly Product Type Report Volume 1.
Perhaps you will discover that you recover best when you take a tincture after you have worked out, and with some food in your stomach. You need to track and record your cannabis consumption on Jointly to learn that about yourself. As you use the app, Jointly will build a personalized recommendation engine that suggests actionable advice like new routines and better products. When you use Jointly, you are actually rating how well a product helped you achieve your wellness goal. Over time, your average ratings should go up as you optimize how you consume cannabis and CBD. Use the Monitor Your Progress feature to make sure your results are improving over time.
Finding Cannabis and CBD Products for Physical Recovery
Looking for products to help you recover faster and get back to the activity you love? Brands and manufacturers have designed a vast range of legal cannabis and CBD products for this exact purpose: CBD-infused protein bars; full-spectrum Indica tinctures; 1:1 CBD:THC roll-on topicals. But how do you know if these products actually work? Jointly’s Product Finder (a cannabis and CBD catalog) allows you to look up legal, licensed cannabis and CBD products in your state based on your wellness goals. Select Physical Recovery and see how other users like you rated a product on a scale from 1-10, based on how well it helped them recover. That is why we like to think of Jointly like a cannabis social network.
By reporting your cannabis and CBD consumption, you are contributing important data to the Jointly community and helping Jointly make better product and routine recommendations for you.
Download the Jointly app on the App Store or the Google Play Store to get started on your cannabis wellness journey.
In order to find the solution, you need to first identify the problem. Unfortunately, the author of a new USA Today article only managed to identify a symptom of the problem, and failed to see the root of the problem.
It seems that every other week I’m here needing to cannasplain to people who have no idea about cannabis, potency, or any subjective experience with any real drug usage. Recently, USA Today opinion contributor Peg O’Connor wrote an article titled, “Not your grandma’s weed: Why potency limits must be part of any push to legalize cannabis.”
As one would expect, this article is riddled with assumptions, erroneous data, and faulty conclusions. It is my duty as a defendant of sanity to dismantle this hit piece by Peg and teach her the errors of her ways. Let’s jump into it!
The Three Assumptions
Peg starts off by telling us how cannabis has transformed in the public eye and claims that “no drug” had undergone such a transformation. But I’d like to point out that “alcohol” is a drug that had undergone such a transformation not even a hundred years earlier.
There was a time when alcohol was illegal in the United States mainly due to a puritanical movement spearheaded by women – but once prohibition stepped in and regulations went out the door — bootleg liquor became a dangerous thing. In fact, it because so dangerous that it was women who fought to legalize alcohol again. In many cases, the same women who fought to prohibit it years earlier!
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Therefore, right off the bat we know that Peg’s knowledge of drug history is probably weak and that she’d be drawing all her data from official sources.
Nonetheless, she argues that there are three main reasons why legalization has happened at such a scale:
Based on anecdotal evidence with moving testimony by patients and their families, state legislators became convinced of marijuana’s salutary effects. The federal government had instituted a near-categorical prohibition on marijuana research, so the absence of studies helped the case for medical marijuana because of limited evidence about whether it was harmful.
Marijuana has enjoyed a reputation of being harmless. Many assume that marijuana is not addictive like drugs that have been culturally and morally coded as “bad” or “dangerous,” such as heroin or methamphetamine.
Many recognize that the Controlled Substances Act and its enforcement through the war on drugs were conceived and implemented in racialized and racist ways. There’s no denying the fact that Black Americans have been disproportionately arrested, charged, convicted and sentenced for drug crimes.
According to Peg, these were the only reasons why or at the very least, the “main reasons” why people wanted to opt out of cannabis prohibition.
Before we continue, allow me to clarify.
There are and were more than anecdotal evidence to support cannabis legalization. In fact, while most of the studies on cannabis was commissioned to find its “negative effects”, that research also revealed plenty of medical bonuses. For example, we’ve known that cannabinoids had anti-cancer properties for many decades now. We also knew that cannabis helped stimulate the appetite of patients who were going through chemo. We also knew from studies that it helped against Wasting Syndrome, a side effect from HIV/AIDS. The fact of the matter is that there were many studies that illustrated the medical benefits of cannabis despite the obvious attempt to smear it with scientific literature.
Marijuana is “less harmful” than the vast majority of legal drugs on the market. This is the argument, not that it’s “harmless”. Hell, even drinking water in excess isn’t “harmless”, so why would one think that cannabis is the exception. It’s certainly NOT as addictive as heroin or meth and has a far lower physical effect on the users. For example, one can abuse an ounce of cannabis per day for the next 80 years and have minimal physical side effects compared to abusing a bottle of Jack Daniels daily. You’d probably not make it past 50-years old in the latter. Once again, this is an assumption from the prohibition camp – not cannabis users.
I agree, the CSA is racist, but more importantly, it is a document that gave the pharmaceutical community a monopoly over all the drugs on the planet and then gave them the police to be their enforcers. They are essentially “legal drug lords” and the state is its “arm of enforcement” which all was dreamt up by Nixon in the 1970s.
Photo by PhotoAlto/Katarina Sundelin/Getty Images
Now that we have cleared the three assumptions, we see what Peg has to say about legalization:
I am in favor of the provisions that would establish a trust fund for communities impacted by the war on drugs and an expungement process for individuals with marijuana convictions. I have deep reservations, however, about the push to decriminalize cannabis without restrictions on the potency of the products.
Obviously, within a regulated market there would be certain “norms” to follow, however to restrict potency on cannabis would do nothing to stop the flow of high potency cannabis. The past 80-years of prohibition has taught us as much. Therefore, creating a trust fund (social justice) does nothing to undo the damage of the drug war. Only by removing those laws do you decentralize the power and remove the enforcement wing of the pharmaceutical industry to go after brown-skinned people.
Making Comparisons to the Tobacco Industry
Something that I hear a lot from prohibitionists is that they compare cannabis to tobacco. While both are plants, the process of each crop is widely different. Tobacco gets sprayed with fertilizers and contain more than 7000 chemicals with 69 of them known to be causing cancer.
Cannabis on the other hand, have strict limits on the type fertilizers used and while burning any plant material does generate carcinogens, the cannabinoids in cannabis essentially “deactivates” the receptors in the body of these carcinogens. It’s why there are not many cases of lung cancer with cannabis smokers.
This could be the potential reason. According to a study published in the Harm Reduction Journal:
Smoke from tobacco and cannabis contains many of the same carcinogens and tumor promoters. However, cannabis and tobacco have additional pharmacological activities, both receptor-dependent and independent, that result in different biological endpoints. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in smoke are pro-carcinogens that are converted to carcinogens by the enzymatic activity of the cytochrome P4501A1 oxidase protein (CYP1A1 gene product). Benzo [a] pyrene is converted to its carcinogenic metabolite diol epoxide, which binds to specific hyper-mutable nucleotide sequences in the K-ras oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor.
Recent work by Roth et al. demonstrates that THC treatment of murine hepatoma cells caused a dose dependent increase in CYP1A1 gene transcription, while at the same time directly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the gene product. Thus, despite potentially higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cannabis smoke compared to tobacco smoke (dependent on what part of the plant is smoked), the THC present in cannabis smoke should exert a protective effect against pro-carcinogens that require activation. In contrast, nicotine activates some CYP1A1 activities, thus potentially increasing the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke.
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Of course, there is still a lot about cannabis and cannabinoids we don’t know – however comparing cannabis to tobacco is not an “Apples to Apples” comparison. They are wildly different drugs and commercial tobacco is different than natural tobacco mainly due to the industrial pesticides – some of which are radioactive!
There is a possibility of “Commercial Cannabis” going that route, especially with Wall Street Cannabis enterprises who like to maximize profits at the expense of everyone and everything else – but within the context of “home grown” or “locally sourced” cannabis, this would not be the case.
Why Capping the Potency of Weed Is a Dumb Idea
In the conclusion of Peg’s opinion piece, there is a call for legislators to cap cannabis potency:
We still do not know the risks of marijuana, though physicians are starting to get a much clearer picture. Chronic vomiting, psychosis, addiction, and increased anxiety and depression follow from the regular use of high-potency marijuana in teenagers.
Legislators on the state and federal levels have an opportunity to make better laws about marijuana than they ever had with tobacco products. They need to cap the potency of pot.
While there are potential risks for some people when it comes to smoking cannabis, the vast majority of users will have no problem. They won’t have an issue with addiction, they won’t start chronically vomiting, they won’t have psychosis (other than temporary induced psychosis aka being high), and in fact, would reduce their depression and anxiety.
Bringing up teenagers is a classic “Won’t anyone think about the children!” argument. This argument believes that by “capping the freedoms of adults, we can deter children from consuming,” which is an idiotic idea.
If this was true, then the outright prohibition of cannabis should have completely stopped kids from smoking weed…except, it didn’t, and in fact possibly more kids started doing other drugs as a result from prohibition since the illicit market cares not for what you buy, as long as you buy it.
Secondly, by capping cannabis in your state, you make high-potency products a highly sought after commodity that now has an inflated value due to the artificial scarcity created by the regulations. All this means is that now, instead of having high-potency products in stores that are 100% compliant with marijuana laws – you’ll instead put them in the hands of illicit vendors who don’t pay tax and can mark up the product significantly more.
Since they are vape cartridges, you can store more of it while taking up less space. Every other market that has higher potency products, will now have people incentivized to purchase these products in other markets, drive a few hours, and sell them at a higher price in an unregulated manner.
If we’re talking about “smart ideas” — capping cannabis ain’t one of them.
Photo by Erin_Hinterland/Pixabay
The Actual Solution
In order to find the solution, you need to first identify the problem. Unfortunately, Peg only managed to identify a “symptom” of the problem, and failed to see the root of the problem.
And what is the root of the problem?
Simple — drug education!
Since the 70s, governments around the world have been banging on the “DON’T DO DRUGS!” while subsidizing the pharmaceutical industry that drugged you and your kids for record profits. Instead of suggesting physical activity, the pharmaceutical industry incentivized physicians to prescribe you Ritalin (a related drug to methamphetamines), they gave you opioids to treat sprained ankles, etc.
More people die each year from the pharmaceutical industry than all illicit drug overdoses combined.
The problem isn’t “putting a cap” on anything. It’s about growing up and becoming mature about our drug use. To recognize that it’s a fundamental part of the human experience and that with the proper set and setting, you can enjoy drugs and have immense benefit in your life.
What Peg is actually suggesting is to “transform prohibition”, to “modify it, yet remains faithful as a prohibitionist.
But then again, her PhD is related to “philosophy and gender, women and sexuality studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota.”
In other words, she knows absolutely nothing about cannabis, cannabis laws, cannabis policy, the user experience etc. Yet for some reason, she was merited an opinion piece in USA Today.
While ibuprofen is very effective, it carries several risk factors that affect quite a significant number of users. Side effects after using CBD, however, are rare.
Pain is a natural and unavoidable occurrence in the human body. It is one of the body’s responses to self-healing. But, sometimes it gets too much and painkillers have to come into the picture.
Ibuprofen is one of the most effective drugs for alleviating chronic pain symptoms from things like headaches, toothaches, and backaches. More than 50% of the American population has used ibuprofen at one point or another. Unfortunately, it sometimes comes with side effects like ulcers, etc.
Now, with the newly tested and proven therapeutic qualities of the cannabidiol (CBD) compound, one is left to assume that it may be an effective alternative to treating pain. But, CBD has not been approved for medical use yet.
The fascinating effects of CBD as a natural supplement have gained popularity and what makes it more appealing is that it does not seem to have severe side effects based on the research carried out.
Photo by Elsa Olofsson via Unsplash
CBD VS Ibuprofen
Here we’ll be comparing both compounds to check if the all-natural panacea called CBD is effective enough to replace ibuprofen as the go-to medication for pain.
Source of CBD
The cannabinoid is extracted from hemp. There are different extraction methods, but the commonly used safe method is extraction using solvents like ethanol or carbon dioxide. After extraction, the CBD molecules are converted into topical, oil, or capsule gel form.
Source of ibuprofen
This drug is developed from propionic acid. This fatty acid is used for its antibacterial qualities in the lab, and it is also used to repel the onset of mold.
How CBD works
When ingested, CBD enhances the natural endocannabinoid levels, the EndoCannabinoid System (ECS) is its primary contact in the body. This system is a network of receptors found around the body and the brain. It is accountable for homeostasis functions like immune response, sleep, appetite, and pain.
CBD relieves pain by activating and encouraging the production of the CB2 receptors in the ECS.
Some researchers say that several conditions like migraines, irritable bowel, and fibromyalgia result from an endocannabinoid deficiency.
Cannabinoids work in conjunction with other body organs to manage pain, modulate pain thresholds and slow down the production of inflammatory particles.
Photo by Flickr user Quinn Dombrowski
How ibuprofen works
When a body sustains an injury, internal or external, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen work by slowing down the production of prostaglandin.
Prostaglandin is the hormone that causes pain and swelling in response to the release of prostanoids.
The prostaglandin hormone is produced by the enzymes called cyclooxygenase, otherwise called COX.
Ibuprofen inhibits the production of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2. Also, recent studies show that ibuprofen also stimulates the endocannabinoid called anandamide to alleviate pain and boost endocannabinoid levels.
Simply put, ibuprofen acts like other NSAIDs by reducing the activity of the chemicals produced by the body to fight off an infection, or injury.
One thing to note is that ibuprofen is a non-selective COX inhibitor; the implication of this is that it elicits more side effects than other NSAIDs.
Benefits of CBD
According to researchers, CBD has the needed characteristics to help relieve pain associated with conditions like joint, muscle, and nerve pains, inflammation, chronic migraine, old injuries, cancer, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
In addition to this, cannabinoids also have the potential to manage insomnia, mental disorders, psoriasis, seizures, acne, and other conditions.
Benefits of ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is an FDA-approved drug that is used to treat mild to intense pains, swelling, inflammation, and fever.
It is affordable and widely available; all pharmacies have ibuprofen in stock at all times. The smallest dose of this NSAID can provide relief to the user.
Not only is it often prescribed as a pain killer, it also helps prevent the formation of blood clots in certain diseases. Medical doctors also prescribe it to patients with musculoskeletal injuries, as well as fever.
Photo by Elsa Olofsson via Unsplash
Side effects of CBD
Side effects after using CBD are rare. It is generally safe due to its non-psychoactive nature. The chances of you getting high or overdosing on CBD products are very little.
Researchers have not established a recommended dosage for CBD products primarily because it is yet to be approved by the Food and Drugs Administration.
If you fall into the tiny percent of consumers that may experience side effects, they include: difficulty staying awake, dry mouth, dizziness, heartburn, and nausea.
However, these side-effects can only be experienced if the product is used in excess. More reason for you to start slow with a low dose.
Side effects of ibuprofen
While ibuprofen is very effective, it carries several risk factors that affect quite a significant number of users. The FDA says even the short-term use of ibuprofen is enough to increase a user’s risk of cardiac arrests and strokes. Some of the side effects include:
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
Headaches
Diarrhea
Bloating
Heartburn
Rash
Constipation
Ringing in ears
Blistering
Blurred vision
In extreme cases due to prolonged use of the drug in high doses, it could result in;
Stomach bleeding
Ulcers
Stroke
Kidney or Liver failure
High blood pressure
Asthma attacks
Heart attacks
I must point out that the recommended dose of ibuprofen is 1200mg per day. It is oftentimes not encouraged for use among senior citizens. Statistically, ibuprofen is responsible for at least 3,000 deaths per year in this age group.
Photo by stevepb via Pixaba
Is combining the two a bad idea?
Combining CBD with ibuprofen according to research is not a bad idea. Studies show that both compounds can be mixed without the risk of adverse effects. It depends on the user’s tolerance and sensitivity to both drugs.
To be safe, make sure you consult your doctor before mixing ibuprofen and CBD. This is because while there has been no proven interaction between both drugs, your body could have a personal reaction.
Final thoughts
For the FDA to approve CBD as a pain reliever, more research will be carried out to fully understand the complexity of the ECS and its interaction with CBD.
Until then, proceed with caution— purchase your products from only trusted sources.
Dubbed THCNYC, the new cultural institution will feature LED light shows, sound technology and digital journeys, as well as marijuana-related artwork and artifacts.
The Big Apple is getting its very own cannabis museum this coming winter, thanks to the former Las Vegas nightclub owner Robert Frey.
The businessman is said to have signed a 10-year lease for a historic SoHo building at 427 Broadway and Howard Street, which he plans to turn into a 30,000-square-foot marijuana museum dubbed The House of Cannabis, reported The Real Deal.
The museum’s exhibit will include marijuana-related artwork and artifacts.
“We’re just excited because New Yorkers are true cannabis enthusiasts,” said Frey, who is backed by cannabis venture capital firm Merida Capital Holdings. “We thought it’d be a great place to launch our museum exhibit. We want it to be kind of the beacon for people to learn about cannabis.”
For now, Frey plans to convert the three floors of the building into a gallery that will tell the story of marijuana’s history and feature weed-inspired artwork.
“We wanted to combine a lot of topics under one roof and put it in an environment where people can really explore, educate themselves and understand what cannabis is about, and the impact on New York,” said Frey, who also helped create the star-studded clubs the Pussycat Dolls Lounge and Pure Nightclub in Las Vegas.
Also dubbed THCNYC, the new cultural institution will feature LED light shows, sound technology and digital journeys as well, he added.
Photo by Anton Petrus/Getty Images
Frey highlighted that the museum will not sell cannabis. “We want to really help all the dispensaries, whether they want to use us to launch brands or however they see that we can help their programs.”
Meanwhile, the NY Office of Cannabis Management recently announced it will begin accepting applications for Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary (CAURD) licenses starting on August 25, 2022. The application window will close on September 26, 2022.
One of the most striking things about the entourage effect is that it reinforces the idea that cannabis has a lot of potential.
The term “entourage effect” is commonly used in cannabis news articles, and it doesn’t mean a group of people who love weed or those who are cannabis enthusiasts. The term is used to describe the synergy between the combination of different chemical combinations in cannabis. The entourage effect is about the interaction between THC/CBD as well as other terpenes and cannabinoids.
The basic terms
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS): a system made up of chemical parts called endocannabinoid and receptors in the body. These endocannabinoids and receptors aid with regulating the different body functions that include appetite, sleep, and pain.
THC is intoxicating. This is the cannabinoid that causes a ‘high” that many users feel after ingesting or inhaling cannabis. But CBD is not intoxicating, which explains why it is gaining a lot of popularity in the medical world. Many patients want to use cannabis for medicinal purposes but don’t want to feel high.
Photo by anankkml/Getty Images
Now the question is: do THC and CBD offer a more extensive range of therapeutic applications? In some cases, they work well together, and you are about to discover why as this is the core of the entourage effect.
Terpenes
One of the things cannabis enthusiasts find exciting with weed is how flavorful it is; the aroma that hits your face and warms you up when you open a cannabis container is just blissful. Do you know what is responsible for the fragrance? Its terpenes!! Good old terpenes.
Terpenes are the aromatic, flavorful compounds found in cannabis and other plants and spices, fruits, and herbs. From a hint of pepper to lavender and even pine terpenes offer a burst of flavors and aromas like no other compound will do.
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In cannabis plants, terpenes grow inside the resinous glands of the plant (this is called trichomes). The terpenes use their scents to protect the cannabis plant from predators, as most plant cannabis cannot handle the scent and flavor from the plant.
Terpenes also embody therapeutic properties, which explains why users feel a sense of calm and almost sleepy after taking a cannabis shot. An excellent example of this is the pinene terpenes found in pine trees: it reduces inflammation. The linalool terpenes found in lavender also provide anti-anxiety effects, and these are just examples of the therapeutic value of terpenes.
How the entourage effect works
We know that terpenes and cannabinoids offer particular effects on the human body, but what happens when you mix different cannabinoids or combine terpenes and cannabinoids?
As easy as the question sounds, the answer is not so easy, which means combining CBD and THC doesn’t mix the effects of both compounds. Instead, CBD and THC can interact with each other and other cannabinoids and terpenes to produce a synergy called the entourage effect.
Some people wonder which mixture of terpenes and cannabinoids is best for treating some health conditions. Cannabis had a much slower start because of many years of the stigma it received from societies, which led to prohibitions. These years of stigma delayed the research into the entourage effects.
Therefore, not much is known about cannabinoids and terpenes that will be a good pair and produce excellent results. Recently, some groundbreaking studies provide insight into how the entourage affects both cannabinoids and terpenes. We will consider both chemicals separately.
Entourage effects with terpenes
Dr. Ethan Russo presented a seminal research paper titled Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects.
His paper is critical in understanding the entourage effect, and the summaries from his studies showed the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and terpenes.
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Every terpene is distinct with its chemical composition, with every one of them offering something different. Some cannabis strains also contain various terpenes, making it complicated to know which cannabinoid-terpenes mix will elicit an entourage effect.
For instance, Dr. Russo also argues that the data shows that myrcene is the main sedative terpenoid in cannabis and, when combined with THC, will produce a form of the entourage effect. So if THC, when mixed with myrcene, has some potential for an entourage effect, one can only wonder what other kinds of combinations are possible.
Entourage effects with cannabis
A study into the effectiveness of THC on how it reduces cancer-related pain versus when CBD and THC are combined discovered something interesting. The results show that THC and CBD combination displayed good effectiveness, unlike THC used in isolation.
The results are exciting and promising because they provide additional evidence of how the entourage effect can combine different cannabinoids.
Aside from amplifying the analgesic properties in THC, CBD also produces another very fun cannabinoid entourage effect. The results are shown through how it reduces the psychoactive effects of THC.
The process for how it works is also complex because CBD interacts indirectly with your body’s CB1 receptors in a way that also affects THC’s ability to bind with receptors.
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It is also important to remember some examples of the entourage effect when cannabinoid is combined. But most cannabis strains that are selectively bred are made to optimize THC and CBD content. So very little is known about the other cannabinoid (there are more than 118 cannabinoids). Which means there are much more potentials for the study of cannabinoid and terpenes if research continues on a large scale.
One of the most striking things about the entourage effect is that it reinforces the idea that cannabis has a lot of potential. In the future, and as we learn more about the cannabis plant, we will know if it provides additional and impressive benefits for users.
We have discovered the value of CBD and THC separately, but now the world is eager to know, “How much more is there to discover with a combination of CBD and THC?” The question will hopefully drive the extent of future research and test trials that will boost the positive impact of the entourage effect.
People want more and it is evident with the enormous amount of interest vested in cannabis.
With recreational cannabis now legal and sales scheduled to launch in the coming months, the mayor said back in early June that he saw no need to crack down on sales in the interim.
New York Mayor Eric Adams is not happy about the Big Apple’s prolific illicit cannabis sales taking place around town. He’s so hot under the collar that he vowed to put more cops on the street and increase enforcement. The NYPD started by towing 19 weed-vending trucks around Times Square and seizing the cannabis therein on just one day this week.
“Many people don’t read the complete law. All they read is, ‘Weed is legal,’ and they just kick into gear,” Adams said at an unrelated press conference in Manhattan on Thursday.
“This is not going to be a city where we openly snub our noses and break the law. That is not acceptable. We didn’t walk in with SWAT teams, we came in with tow trucks. You can’t sell weed on our streets,” the Mayor said.
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Change Of Heart
Adams told NYC residents in early June that they should feel free to buy, sell and consume weed where ever they wish. He promised not to take a “heavy-handed” approach toward those illicitly selling marijuana in the city.
With recreational cannabis now legal and sales scheduled to launch in the coming months, the mayor said back then that he saw no need to crack down on sales in the interim.
“There needs to be a system of not heavy-handedness, but going in and explaining to that store that, ‘Listen, you can’t do this,’ give them a warning,” Adams told reporters at a cannabis industry expo in June in Manhattan.
But now, the weed trucks parked around the city, not just in Times Square, seem to irk the mayor. A similar crackdown occurred in mid-June to a dozen weed-vending trucks, two weeks after the Mayor’s comment about “not heavy-handedness.”
Up in smoke. 19 illegal vehicles and cannibis seized off the streets of NYC. While others follow the rules, these trucks and their vendors don’t have permits so we took action! pic.twitter.com/DzjAyEl3Xc
Meanwhile, the Cannabis Control Board (CCB) recently approved the first round of cannabis processor licenses as well as emergency lab testing regulations.
States that did not implement any policy change showed no meaningful change in arrests for White individuals and an increase for Black individuals, thereby increasing the arrest rate disparity over time.
The truth is, racism exists. Some of us don’t want this to be true, some refuse to see it, some don’t care and then there are racists who seem to work to keep it alive. It’s hard to believe that in the 21st century, we, as a population, haven’t spiritually evolved an inch.
A study published in the journal JAMA Health Forum sheds light on one of the examples of racial disparity across the US. The research revealed that those states that have not removed criminal penalties for cannabis possession increased arrest rate disparities over the last two decades.
Researchers used race-based arrest data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results county-level population data from January 2000 through December 2019 across 43 U.S. states. They examined how arrest rates compare before and after states decriminalized or legalized cannabis and also across those that made no policy changes.
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A team of researchers affiliated with Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk and with Saint Louis University in Missouri revealed that both legalization and decriminalization policies were related to “large decreases” in the total number of adults arrested for cannabis violations. What’s more, it was discovered that legalization was associated with the biggest decrease in raw differences between Black and White arrests.
“States that did not implement any policy change showed no meaningful change in arrests for White individuals and an increase for Black individuals, thereby increasing the arrest rate disparity over time.”
The study authors concluded, “This study highlights the importance of statewide policies in reducing cannabis possession arrests. … While these results do not unambiguously favor decriminalization nor legalization, increases in arrest rate disparities in states without either policy highlight the need for targeted interventions to address racial injustice.”
NORML’s political director, Morgan Fox, commented on the results, “Even though removing criminal penalties for simple cannabis possession is not a surefire fix for the racially disparate application of the law, it does lead to a drastic reduction in the number of people of color that are disproportionately and unnecessarily caught up in the criminal justice system.”
He added: “It is appalling, though not particularly surprising, that we are seeing increases in racially disparate arrest rates in states that continue to cling to outdated prohibition policies. Regardless of intent, it is clear that the continued criminalization of cannabis perpetuates and exacerbates unequal enforcement under the law and the associated harms that come with it. This is not something that we can tolerate in the 21st century, and these findings should incentivize lawmakers to embrace sensible cannabis policy reforms.”
The homegrow market is likely to grow exponentially and legal retailers will need to have this in mind as they make their sales projections based on the estimated size of the consumer market.
New Frontier Data (NFD) has just released an extensive report an extensive report on the dynamics of cannabis homegrow in the US, including current state of affairs and future projections. The homegrow market is made up of those who cultivate cannabis plants at home for their own needs and/or the needs of consumers in their circle. Not much is known about this group in terms of who they are, what motivates them, how they do it, or their outcomes.
NFD conducted a survey involving 4,682 cannabis consumers and 1,250 non-cannabis consumers. This report which was titled “The U.S. Cannabis Homegrow Market: Motivations, Processes, and Outcomes” has made several revelations that can serve as pointers for the cannabis industry:
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Six percent of cannabis consumers grow their own cannabis, which translates to 3 million growers
By 2030, about 4.1 million Americans will be cultivating their own cannabis at home
While 7% of adult-use consumers are likely to cultivate their own cannabis, the figure goes slightly lower to 5% for medical consumers and 4% for those who purchase cannabis from the illicit market.
38% of homegrowers know someone working in the cannabis industry which is twice more compared to non-growers
Most homegrowers cultivate six plants or less each time and harvest up to three times a year
Here are 7 interesting findings that can be gleaned from the report:
What’s the anticipated growth trajectory of the homegrow spending on setting up the cultivation site and purchasing inputs?
Estimated spending for site set-up and cultivation inputs is expected to increase by 38% over the next decade: from $2.7 billion to over $3.7 billion. Consumers are expected to spend close to $30 billion on homegrow supplies during this period.
How much cannabis are homegrowers likely to produce in the next decade?
Conservatively, homegrowers are likely to produce about 11 million pounds of dried cannabis flower in 2022 and15 million pounds by 2030, annual production.
What will be the likely value in dollars of cannabis produced by homegrowers in 2022?
Placing the market value of a pound of dried cannabis at $1,250 U.S. homegrowers will generate cannabis worth $14 by the close of the year.
Why do homegrowers consume cannabis?
Homegrowers consume cannabis for reasons that are similar to those of the average consumer. However, a higher proportion consume for overall wellness.
Do homegrowers consume cannabis more frequently than non-growers?
Yes, while 66% of homegrowers consume cannabis daily, only 40% of non-growers consume it daily.
Most (49%) learned to grow cannabis from online sources and from their social circle (47%). Very few learned how to cultivate cannabis from agricultural or academic avenues.
Which are the common challenges that are experienced by homegrowers?
Pest, fungus, and disease
Producing quality flower
Creating the ideal grow environment
Proper plant maintenance pre-harvest
Proper preparation post-harvest
Odor challenges
Theft
Excessive costs
With prospects of federal reforms on the horizon, this information comes in very handy. The homegrow market is likely to grow exponentially and legal retailers will need to have this in mind as they make their sales projections based on the estimated size of the consumer market.
Current studies on marijuana for cancer are hopeful, and patients who want to explore using cannabis for cancer are recommended to talk to their doctors.
The big C has a tremendous impact on society and families around the world. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were over 1,750,000 new cancer cases in 2019 alone, and around a third of those patients died from cancer.
Unfortunately, there is still no known cancer cure, though the evolution of medical technology continues to save more lives. But cancer patients, along with their families, still have to face hardships: treatment with side effects, expensive and addictive medications for pain, poor quality of life, and emotional anguish. But perhaps cannabis can make things a little simpler.
Researchers from the Upstate University Hospital in Syracuse sought out to analyze how patients with advanced cancer responded to medical marijuana treatment.
Participants for the study were enrolled in New York’s MMJ registry. “The goals of this study were to review the characteristics of patients who received medical marijuana under our ambulatory palliative care program and to determine barriers to access and use of medical marijuana in this population,” says the study.
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“Data from June 2017 to June 2020 were analyzed. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of cancer, were certified by a qualified practitioner in the New York Medical Marijuana Program, and received care at Upstate Medical University,” it reads. “Patients were excluded if no marijuana certificate was found or if they transferred care.”
The researchers found that advanced cancer patients who used medical cannabis had positive effects. “Ninety-three patients (51.5%) received at least one prescription from a New York licensed marijuana dispensary while 72 (39.13%) were certified but never obtained any medical marijuana,” they wrote. “For patients who took at least one dose of medical marijuana, 48.14% experienced an improvement in pain, 44.95% used fewer opioids, and 85.11% had an improvement in at least one symptom. Adverse effects were low at 3.72%.,” says the study.
The research adds that “medical marijuana appears to have an important role in palliating symptoms of advanced cancers with few adverse effects.” The researchers also called on more studies to determine optimal dose and delivery for patients.
Cannabis For Cancer Treatment Is Promising
There’s still much that even experts are unsure of when it comes to understanding how cannabis can help with cancer. Several other aspects can make it slightly more complicated, such as the cannabinoids used and the kind of cancer.
In another recent study out of Israel, researchers assessed the cancer symptoms of several hundred patients over the course of 6 months. They found statistical improvements in symptoms and a significant decrease in their need for painkillers.
The researchers concluded that cannabis was associated with reduction in cancer symptoms, reduction of prescription drug consumption, and better quality of life. Almost half of the cancer patients who finished the trials no longer needed painkillers. “The main finding of the current study is that most cancer comorbid symptoms improved significantly during six months of MC [medical cannabis] treatment…. Additionally, we found that MC treatment in cancer patients was well tolerated and safe.”
There are also over 100 natural cannabinoids that we all need to learn about, which means that there is no one-size fits-all approach in using cannabis for cancer treatment.
The American Cancer Society acknowledges that THC and CBD have the ability to cause cancer cell death or slow the growth of cancer cells. They may also prevent cancer from spreading. They base it on early clinical trials in humans. “While the studies so far have shown that cannabinoids can be safe in treating cancer, they do not show that they help control or cure the disease,” they say. Certainly more research is needed to maximize the therapeutic ability of cannabis, though there have been many anecdotal cases of individuals saying that cannabis has helped treat their cancer.
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There are several studies that support the therapeutic properties of cannabinoids for cancer patients. In fact, cancer patients can benefit in several ways from using cannabis:
Managing the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation: Chemo and radiation are among the most common and successful conventional treatments for cancer. However, they can produce several uncomfortable side effects such as nausea, pain, and loss of appetite. Many patients also struggle to finish chemotherapy and radiation treatments due to the discomfort it causes.
Cannabis has been shown to be successful in helping cancer patients manage these conditions: it reduces nausea, improves appetite, mitigates pain, and helps improve sleep. All of these are critical for healing. In addition, several studies have shown that using cannabis together with chemotherapy greatly improves prognosis.
Cannabis can kill cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. Whereas chemotherapy also kills off healthy cells in the process, cannabis doesn’t. In one laboratory study, cancer researcher Dr. Matt Dun worked together with Australian Natural Therapeutics Group (ANTG) to come up with a marijuana variety with under 1% THC and high CBD. They found that this combination was effective for killing cancer cells.
“The CBD variety looks to have greater efficacy, low toxicity and fewer side-effects, which potentially makes it an ideal complementary therapy to combine with other anti-cancer compounds,” says Dr. Dun.
Conclusion
Current studies on marijuana for cancer are hopeful, and patients who want to explore using cannabis for cancer are recommended to talk to their doctors. They may be able to provide a dosage and consumption method that is best suited for your specific medical needs.
