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Sen. Cory Booker Says Cannabis Reform Is A Civil Rights Issue In New Op-Ed

“It’s going to take all of us, coming together, to reckon with the racial injustices that have plagued America and to understand the pain communities of color have felt for years.”

By Maureen Meehan

Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey, in an op-ed he wrote for the Huff Post, talked about why the U.S. justice system treats the country’s most marginalized groups in society very differently — even for nonviolent drug offenses.

“I can still remember the basement of the Willie T. Wright Apartments in Newark, where men of all ages packed together in a standing-room-only space. I was only 29 at the time, freshly elected to the Newark City Council and just a year out of law school, yet no classroom learning or political experience could prepare me for the situation at hand,” Booker wrote referring to a legal clinic his council staff was hosting. “I could see the pain on the faces of these men, many of whom had spent years struggling to reintegrate into society after being convicted of low-level, nonviolent drug crimes. Beaten down by circumstance, they were now looking to defy the odds in a fixed game.”

Cory Booker: Marijuana Enforcement Shows Racist Policies Inspiring Protests
Photo by Ethan Miller/Staff/Getty Images

Booker called that day a “vivid illustration of a reality” he’d known about most of his life: the U.S. justice system’s unequal treatment of most marginalized groups. Quoting an ACLU report that Black people are nearly 4 times more likely than whites nationwide to be arrested for cannabis possession despite the fact that both groups consume at roughly equal rates.

And then there’s the shocking 2021 report of weed-related arrests in New York City that confirmed people of color comprised fully 94% of those arrested.

“These injustices are precisely why we must ensure that restorative justice is the starting point of any cannabis reform legislation, not an afterthought. With this fundamental belief in mind, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), and I announced a discussion draft of the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act last fall,” Booker said, adding that “our proposed bill would remove the federal prohibition on cannabis, expunge federal non-violent cannabis crimes, and reinvest funds into communities that are languishing under the weight of prior criminal convictions, erosion of employment prospects, and denial of basic social services.”

Booker called the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act historic as the first time a Senate leader has called for ending the federal ban on cannabis. Also, the fact that there are members on both sides of the aisle in agreement and who understand the need for restorative and racial justice to help to right the wrongs the nation’s failed war on drugs.

Booker added that the bill forges a path forward on securing economic justice for minority small business owners who are looking to gain a foothold in the burgeoning cannabis industry. However, “We know that our financial system upholds immense barriers to fairness and equality. Studies have shown that Black and Brown entrepreneurs, despite starting new businesses at higher rates than their peers, consistently struggle to access the critical funding they need to invest in their employees, scale up operations, and expand their business.”

RELATED: Chuck Schumer’s Long-Awaited Federal Marijuana Legalization Bill Unveiled: Will The Full Senate Accept It?

Noting that less than 5% of cannabis businesses are owned by Black people, Booker said that many express concern that systemic barriers and lack of capital will prevent them from ever entering the industry.

“Cannabis-related businesses need capital to flourish, and I support granting them access to these financial resources. But simply opening the floodgates to billions of dollars for cannabis businesses will not solve the racial inequities in the banking system,” Booker said.

cory booker
Photo by Paras Griffin/Stringer/Getty Images

The Process Must Be Done Equitably

“That’s why the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act also creates a grant program overseen by the Small Business Administration that will provide resources to minority entrepreneurs looking to launch cannabis-related businesses,” Booker said.

Circling back to the night that changed his life at the Willie T. Wright Apartments, Booker said a frustrated man asked him, “What is it going to take? It’s been over 10 years. What is it going to take for me to get a second chance?”

RELATED: MORE Act Reintroduced In House As Senate Readies Its Own Cannabis Reform Legislation

Booker’s reply: “It’s going to take all of us, coming together, to reckon with the racial injustices that have plagued America and to understand the pain communities of color have felt for years. Only then will we have the moral determination, the empathy, and the political urgency to make sure no one is left behind as we rectify the many inequities caused by America’s drug laws. Only then will we make sure all people are afforded the justice they deserve but have long been denied.”

This article originally appeared on Benzinga and has been reposted with permission.

Would It Be Better If Society Smoked More Weed And Drank Less Booze?

Cannabis is not only less dangerous as a substance, it also has a lower chance of forming addictive behavior.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

How would society be influenced if cannabis was the main legal recreational drug? A recent YouGov Poll revealed that roughly 1 in 4 people in America believes that if people smoked more marijuana than they drank alcohol, it would be generally “better”.

When  presented with the question “Would it be good or bad if the average American drank less alcohol and used more marijuana?,” 27% of respondents replied “good” and 20% replied “bad.” Roughly 38% of the public, however, believed that it would be neither.

cannabis beer
Photo by Sarah Pender/Getty Images

RELATED: Americans Are Choosing Marijuana Over Alcohol

Obviously, the younger the demographic of voters, the more in favor they were of the idea that “more cannabis consumption over alcohol consumption” would be good. But this question brings us to today’s Ganja Theory: Would cannabis have a net benefit if it was the main legal drug of consumption for recreational purposes? In other words, if cannabis was as commonly consumed as alcohol, would society receive a net benefit?

Health-wise, More Weed Would Be Better

When comparing alcohol and cannabis it is obvious that cannabis is the “less harmful” of the two substances. First, unlike alcohol, you cannot induce a lethal overdose with cannabis. The LD-50 of cannabis, when it was tested, is said to be anywhere between 1:20,000 and 1:50,000 which means that you’d have to consume an inhumane amount of cannabis to induce a lethal dose.

The LD-50 rating is a system used to indicate toxicity of a drug in where when administered a dose 50% of the test animals die. When this happens, the LD-50 of a particular drug is established. According to Drug Policy Facts, when it comes to weed:

At present, it is estimated that marijuana’s LD-50 is around 1:20,000 or 1:40,000. In layman terms this means that in order to induce death a marijuana smoker would have to consume 20,000 to 40,000 times as much marijuana as is contained in one marijuana cigarette. NIDA-supplied marijuana cigarettes weigh approximately .9 grams. A smoker would theoretically have to consume nearly 1,500 pounds of marijuana within about fifteen minutes to induce a lethal response.  

Compared to alcohol which places an LD-50 at about 13 shots where 1 shot = 45ml (40% AVB). In other words, a little over a half a liter of spirits could kill you, or at least theoretically this is where 50% of test subjects would have a lethal dose.

Not to mention, the general toll alcohol has on the body is quite extensive.

Here’s a short list of illnesses that could only come from excessive alcohol consumption:

  • Alcohol use disorder, also known as alcoholism
  • Alcoholic polyneuropathy (disease of the peripheral nerves)
  • Alcoholic myopathy (disease of muscle tissue)
  • Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (heart disease)
  • Alcoholic gastritis (stomach inflammation)
  • Alcoholic liver disease
  • Alcohol-induced pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation)
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome (birth defects)

And compare this to cannabis:

  • Cannabis Use Disorder (maybe)
woman lighting a marijuana joint
Photo by Kampus Production from Pexels

Sure, I could list some other potentials, but none of the other elements on the list of the CDC can be claimed to come from cannabis alone. However, when it comes to the alcohol related illnesses, there is extensive research on the matter. Perhaps, more conditions might arise over time, but for now the list is quite short of verifiable side effects.

Simply put, when comparing the health impact of consuming alcohol versus the health impact of consuming cannabis, there will be a net benefit to society because cannabis is not only less dangerous as a substance, it also has a lower chance of forming addictive behavior.

Driving

While no one is arguing that cannabis and driving don’t mix, the two are different. Those driving stoned out of their mind tend to (on average) drive slower, while drunk drivers tend to speed and drive more recklessly.

RELATED: More Than 40% Of People Admit To Doing This While Using Weed Or Alcohol

Recent studies also showed that while crash rates spiked in some states that legalized cannabis, that only those who combined alcohol and cannabis posed a statistical threat.

According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety:

Crash rates spiked with the legalization of recreational marijuana use and retail sales in California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, a new study by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and another by the affiliated Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) show.

However, the preliminary results of a separate IIHS study of injured drivers who visited emergency rooms in California, Colorado and Oregon showed that drivers who used marijuana alone were no more likely to be involved in crashes than drivers who hadn’t used the drug.  

driving while high
Photo by JasonDoiy/Getty Images

In other words, alcohol is the main driver in traffic fatalities claiming more than 10,000 people each year to alcohol-induced driving.

If cannabis was the predominant drug of choice, this could reduce the yearly traffic fatalities seeing that, “drivers who used marijuana alone were no more likely to be involved in crashes than drivers who hadn’t used the drug.”

More Productive

We’ve been told that stoners are lazy, but recent research tells us a different story. For starters, states that have legalized cannabis see employees take fewer sick days and a recent study saw that students who smoke marijuana were more interested in taking up more challenging tasks than their non-smoking counter parts.

RELATED: Forgo The Wake And Bake — And 4 Other Cannabis Productivity Hacks

This isn’t to say that cannabis will keep you motivated, but it does show you that the old “lazy stoner trope” is outdated. However, being drunk significantly impacts your ability to produce.

A LinkedIn post by Dr. Daniel Amen explains:

In fact, the evidence from our brain imaging studies demonstrates that alcohol is the exact opposite. Even ONE glass of beer or wine per day can be directly toxic to brain function. The SPECT scans of people who drink too much alcohol – more than three drinks a week – look toxic.

It is associated with fatty liver disease, peripheral neuropathies (pain and tingling in hands, legs, and feet), damage to neurons, especially those in the cerebellum, which is involved in physical and thought coordination, and mood. It interferes with the absorption of vitamin B1, which predisposes people to serious cognitive problems. 

Bottom Line

While most Americans believe that consuming less of both drugs is probably best, the fact of the matter is that when you switch from alcohol to cannabis you would begin to see significant improvement in your life in general. If this was adapted by the masses, fact checkers (me) believe that there would indeed be a net benefit to society.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

How Men And Women Are Using Cannabis, According To New Survey

The findings include a strong preference by men for cannabis flower over edibles, while women are more neutral.

By Jelena Martinovic

Healthcare technology company Veriheal announced findings from its annual Medical Cannabis Preference Report, a segmented survey of registered medical cannabis patients that illuminates which types of cannabis products are preferred by men and women and what product offerings patients most hope to see available in dispensaries.

“Veriheal seeks to give the patient community a voice, while also boosting research that helps cannabis companies make better, more tailored products and connect patients with the medicine they need,” said Anthony Dutcher, Veriheal CMO.

New To Weed? This Is The Only Guide You Need
Photo by Cavan Images via Getty Images

RELATED: 6 Ways Marijuana Affects Men And Women Differently

The company drew data from 125,000 patient signups registered in 2021, surveying cannabis use preferences, user experience, medical conditions and several other variables which factor into their cannabis use.

The findings include a strong preference by men for cannabis flower over edibles, while women are more neutral.

Moreover, roughly 30% of patients surveyed would prefer to see more edibles on the market, compared to an average of 21.5% of respondents who said they wished more flower were available.

RELATED: Women Are Overwhelmingly The Main Buyers Of This Cannabis Product

Other data findings touched on patient health goals.

Men listed pain relief (69%) and relaxation (67%) most frequently, while women led with symptom relief of stress (72%) and pain (69%).

Women were also more likely to utilize medical cannabis for sleep and nausea than men.

This article originally appeared on Benzinga and has been reposted with permission.

Mike Tyson Launches Cannabis Gummies With This Emblematic Shape

25 years after the boxer’s most infamous fight, his cannabis brand just released some gummies in honor of the spectacle.

Did you ear? Mike Tyson’s cannabis company just released a new gummy as a nod to the prolific boxer’s fight against Evander Holyfield. You know the one. The infamous title fight that ended with Holyfield leaving the ring with a big chunk of his ear bitten off.

The 1997 “Bite Fight” lead to Tyson losing his boxing license and a $3 million fine. And now, to commemorate that infamous fight, Tyson 2.0 has come out with Mike Bites, which Tyson endorsed on Twitter.

According to CBS Sports, Tyson eluded to these gummies back in 2019, when he and Holyfield made amends.

In a 2019 episode of the “‘Hotboxin’ with Mike Tyson” podcast, Holyfield revealed that he “forgave” Tyson, and Tyson pitched an ear-shaped candy to him.

“You might be in business because we’re going to make some holy ears,” Tyson said at the time. “Edible ears that got a bit taken out of them. Holy ears.”

Tyson has long been involved in cannabis, praising the drug and its benefits over those of drinking alcohol. “My life was just miserable, I was out of control. I was fighting with everybody,” he said in an interview recently. “If someone asked me for an autograph, I’d punch them in the face. I was just a mess, and then after I retired, I started smoking.

Mike Tyson
Photo by Noam Galai/Getty Images for AYS Sports Marketing

RELATED: It’s Time To Acknowledge The Reality Of THC In Pro Sports

“What a mistake that was — I should have smoked my whole career. I should have smoked when I was fighting because it put me in this different state of mind. I’m very relaxed and the more relaxed you are, the better fighter you are, at least in my case.”

RELATED: You Won’t Believe These Former Pro Athletes Played Stoned

Megan Rapinoe, Al Harrington, Allen Iverson, and so many more pro athletes have made their mark in the cannabis industry, speaking up for a plant that remains federally opposed, despite the many health perks that have been reported over the years.

Weed May Be The New Green Tradition On St. Patrick’s Day

Getting drunk seems to be socially acceptable these days, while others are busy fighting the stigma against cannabis when it has proven to be so much safer.

As the U.S. goes into the original green holiday, St. Patrick’s Day, could there be a change coming? American’s started celebrating the Irish Saint in 1601, when the country was still a British colony. New York City hosts the largest parade in the world and Chicago dyes their river green to get in the mood. Astronauts on board the international Space Station celebrates St. Patrick Day with notable celebrations by Catherine Coleman and Chris Hadfield.

But with those who celebrate drinking an average of 4.2 glasses per person, is change coming with the legal introduction of a more health-friendly option? A new poll conducted by YouGov reveals that more people see the health benefits of cannabis especially compared to alcohol.

drinking beer
Photo by Karolina Grabowska from Pexels

The poll surveyed 10,412 Americans and found that 27% of respondents think it would be better if people consumed cannabis instead of alcohol, but 20% said that they think it’s a bad idea. Meanwhile, 38% said that it would neither be bad or good, and 15% weren’t sure. With a 153% spike in spirits sales on March 17, this could be good news for the marijuana market and worrying news for alcohol companies.

When it comes to the demographic breakdown of participants, the poll’s results showed that Democrats were more likely to support switching from cannabis to alcohol (34%) compared to 18% of Republicans and 27% of independents. Additionally, the participants aged 30 through 44 were more likely to say that using cannabis in place of alcohol was better, while only 17% of respondents aged 65 and up said the same.

Why Cannabis Is The Safer, Healthier Option 

The federal government has far too long kept cannabis illegal, and prohibition has done nothing good. They wanted us to believe that cannabis is dangerous, and should then be kept illegal no matter what. Throughout the past decades, the federal government has spread lies and funded studies that only focus on the harms on marijuana, not even mentioning the millions they have spent on television ads that only want to convince people that cannabis is a horrible drug that will turn you into a jobless couch potato.

The truth couldn’t be further especially when you compare it with alcohol.

Many of us use cannabis in the same way we consume alcohol: hanging out with friends, unwinding after work, etc. There are also those who consume it exclusively for its medicinal benefits.

The harmful side effects of consuming alcohol has been well-documented over the past few decades. Over 17 million people struggle with dependence or addiction of alcohol in one way or another, yet the government hasn’t done anything to restrict access to it.

But why would you replace cannabis for your alcohol habit?

Let’s look at the numbers: According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 30,000 deaths in the United States each year are attributed to alcohol. Meanwhile, they don’t even have an existing category discussing the health risks of cannabis. Additionally, the American Scientist reports that booze is a dangerous drug, and consuming it only 10 times could already lead to health impacts so severe it could be fatal.

RELATED: Americans Are Choosing Marijuana Over Alcohol

Then there are also the dangers that it poses to society. Domestic violence and drunk driving have destroyed families and lives, yet cannabis doesn’t even come close to these dangers. In fact, it benefits societies where it’s legalized.

There was also a study in 2018 conducted by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder. They analyzed data on the impacts of cannabis and alcohol on the brain, and it also required them to assess brain images of 853 adults from the age of 18 to 55, including 439 teenagers from 14 to 18. All the study participants had varying consumptions in their cannabis and alcohol use.

cannabis beer
Photo by Sarah Pender/Getty Images

They found that consuming alcohol was linked to long-term changes on the brain’s white and gray matter while cannabis was not found to have any significant long-term impacts on the structure of the brain.

“When you look at these studies going back years, you see that one study will report that marijuana use is related to a reduction in the volume of the hippocampus. The next study then comes around, and they say that marijuana use is related to changes in the cerebellum,” explained Kent Hutchinson, one of the study’s co-authors. “The point is that there’s no consistency across all of these studies in terms of the actual brain structures.”

RELATED: Step Aside Alcohol, There’s A New Weedy Vice King In Town

Another study published in the journal Scientific Reports shows that cannabis is at least 114 times less deadly compared to alcohol. Researchers studied seven drugs including booze as well as tobacco, ecstasy, cocaine, heroine, marijuana, and methamphetamines. There are also studies that show cannabis is the safest recreational drug out there but this study proves just how significant the discrepancies are.

Researchers compared a lethal dose of each of the drugs for the study, and the amount normally consumed. Cannabis tested lowest and it was the only one out of the substances that had a “low mortality risk” associated with consuming it, while others were high or medium.

The Role Of Public Policy

Keeping cannabis illegal at the federal level has not only been futile but it has also been dangerous. Meanwhile, just about anyone can easily buy and access alcohol: getting a fake ID to purchase it at a store is too easy, and kids can access their parents’ stash right at home. Getting drunk seems to be socially acceptable these days while others are busy fighting the stigma against cannabis when it has proven to be so much safer.

Thanks to cannabis legalization spreading wider and wider each year, more people have options on how they celebrate. With two thirds of Americans saying they will try weed when it is fully legal, future celebrations and parades may have a more chill look.  Of course, the green of the holiday and general celebration would be a natural holiday to embrace more than a four leaf clover.

 

Beto O’Rourke: ‘Republicans Like To Get High Just As Much As Democrats’

Earlier this year, advocacy group Americans for Safe Access gave Texas a failing grade for its medical marijuana program, saying it was neither accessible nor practical.

By Maureen Meehan

Democratic gubernatorial candidate Beto O’Rourke said that if elected governor of Texas, he would pursue legalizing marijuana and that he anticipates the Republican majority in the Legislature would get on board.

“I’ll let you in on a secret: Republicans like to get high just as much as Democrats,” O’Rourke said, speaking during a South by Southwest panel in Austin on Saturday.

Beto O'Rourke
Photo by Brandon Bell/Getty Images

“When I’m governor, we’re going to legalize marijuana in the state of Texas,” he said. “(It is) a substance that is legal in most of the rest of the country, most of the rest of the free world.”

While some Republican-led states have legalized recreational marijuana, Texas is not among them.

According to the Austin-American Statesman, O’Rourke’s comments may work as an applause line, but they may also “undersell the difficulty of winning over the legislature’s most conservative members” and the Lone Star state has some serious conservatives. Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, for example, has repeatedly threatened to block marijuana reform and he sets the agenda for the Texas Senate.

O’Rourke has long championed efforts to decriminalize and legalize marijuana, including during his tenure on the El Paso City Council. In 2011, he co-authored a book, “Dealing Death and Drugs: The Big Business of Dope in the U.S. and Mexico,” which argued that ending the federal prohibition on marijuana would reduce drug-related violence.

beto orourke war on drugs reparations legal marijuana taxes
Photo by Scott Eisen/Stringer/Getty Images

While Texas lawmakers did approve a slight expansion of the state’s medical marijuana program during the previous session, the rules remain among the most restrictive in the nation.

RELATED: Beto O’Rourke’s Support For Legal Weed Gives Advocates Hope For Policy Change In Texas

Earlier this year, advocacy group Americans for Safe Access gave Texas a failing grade for its program, saying it was neither accessible nor practical.

Nevertheless, O’Rourke suggested that Texas may not be immune to the sweeping tide of cannabis legalization.

RELATED: The Future Of Cannabis: Industry Experts Share Their Thoughts At SXSW

O’Rourke is facing an uphill battle in his quest for governor though as he challenges the two-term Republican Gov. Greg Abbott, whose campaign boasts a massive war-chest and has promised a “knock-out, drag-out fight” against O’Rourke.

This article originally appeared on Benzinga and has been reposted with permission.

Is Marijuana A Depressant?

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The question “is marijuana a depressant or antidepressant” is based in the misconception that depressants and antidepressants are opposite.

This article originally appeared on Jointly and has been reposted with permission.

Are you looking for answers to the question, “is marijuana a depressant?” If you have ever felt sleepy or sedated after using cannabis, you might have wondered, “is weed a depressant?”

This article answers the questions “what is a depressant?”, “is weed a depressant?”, and “is cannabis a CNS depressant?” We will also discuss whether weed is an upper or a downer, and why this is such a common question.

depression anxiety
Photo by Maskot/Getty Images

What is a Depressant?

Depressants are drugs that slow down the activity of the brain. The Alcohol and Drug Foundation defines a depressant as a class of drugs that decreases stimulation and arousal. At a basic level, depressants “do not directly reduce arousal in the brain; they enhance the activity of a neurotransmitter that reduces arousal in the brain.” This neurotransmitter is GABA. In mammals, GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter and glutamate is primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and their balance controls “the brain’s overall level of excitation.”

Depressants work by enhancing the activity of GABA, which has a “calming influence on anxiety and acute stress reactions.” Depressants can cause a range of effects from calming you down, to making you drowsy, and “extending progressively to sleep, unconsciousness, coma, surgical anesthesia, and…fatal respiratory and cardiovascular depression.”

Fortunaely, cannabis does not lead to fatal respiratory and cardiovascular depression. If you want to know why you can’t fatally overdose on weed, read this. Some common depressants include alcohol, prescription benzodiazepines like Xanax, prescription sleep medication like Ambien, and cannabis.

Is Marijuana a Depressant or Antidepressant?

Many people wonder if marijuana is a depressant or an antidepressant. That makes sense given that in some states, doctors can recommend medical marijuana to patients suffering from depression. Additionally, animal studies indicate that cannabinoids like THC can have antidepressant effects. However, cannabis can help you relax or fall asleep. The sedating effects of cannabis suggest it also acts as a depressant. So, is cannabis a depressant or an antidepressant?

If you recall, the definition of a depressant is a drug that slows down brain activity, which is why depressants are also called central nervous system depressants, or CNS depressants. The opposite of a depressant is not an antidepressant, but a stimulant, or a drug that increases CNS activity.

RELATED: Does Marijuana Lower The Effects Of Anti-Depressants?

At a basic level, an antidepressant is defined as “anything, especially a drug, used to prevent or treat depression.” For example, SSRIs and MAOIs are two classes of antidepressants with different mechanisms of action. SSRIs affect serotonin levels by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin into the synapse, while MAOIs block the breakdown of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

In the United States, cannabis is federally illegal and classified as Schedule I Drug with no medical benefit. As a result, the FDA does not consider cannabis to be a treatment for depression. Please note that we are not advising anyone to replace prescription drugs with cannabis. Anyone who feels they may be suffering from depression should consult their healthcare practitioner to determine the best course of treatment.

RELATED: Microdosing Marijuana For Depression: What To Expect

The question “is marijuana a depressant or antidepressant” is based in the misconception that depressants and antidepressants are opposite. Depressants refer to the effect of a drug on the CNS, not how it affects mood. In fact, many depressants induce euphoria. So, is weed a depressant? Let’s find out whether marijuana is an upper or a downer.

marijuana joint
Photo by Tim Allen/Getty Images

Is Weed a Depressant?

The answer to the question “Is weed a depressant?” is “yes, cannabis is a CNS depressant at some doses.” Cannabis is a biphasic drug. For an in-depth discussion of this idea, check out Does Weed Help With Stress? Remember how the levels of GABA and glutamate determine the overall excitation of the brain? Cannabis is known to significantly increase GABA levels. However, cannabis also increase glutamate and dopamine, which means that weed is a stimulant as well.

Is Weed an Upper or Downer?

Evidently, the answer to “is weed an upper or downer” is a bit complicated. Cannabis is both an upper and a downer. There isn’t a simple answer, which is why this question persists through the years. Beyond the effects of THC, there are other compounds in cannabis that can sedate you. For example, if you consume a strain with moderate to high myrcene, linalool, or terpineol terpene content you may experience calming and sedative-like effects. As we discussed in Is Cannabis Good for Sleep?, cannabis was historically classified in medical textbooks as a hypnotic and sedative, two types of drugs that are depressants. In short, cannabis is a depressant.

Get Started on Your Cannabis Wellness Journey

Have you started your cannabis wellness journey? Jointly is a new cannabis wellness app that helps you discover purposeful cannabis consumption so you can achieve your wellness goals with cannabis and CBD. On the Jointly app, you can find new cannabis products, rate products based on how well they helped you achieve your goals, and track and optimize 15 factors that can impact your cannabis experience. These 15 factors include your dose, the environment in which you consume cannabiswho you are with when you ingesthow hydrated you arethe quality of your diethow much sleep you got last night, and more. Download the Jointly app on the App Store or the Google Play Store to get started on your cannabis wellness journey.

Sam is an award-winning screenwriter of “Are You Glad I’m Here” on Amazon Prime. His passions include helping people understand purposeful cannabis consumption.  He is the content Director at Jointly, a cannabis wellness company powered by a proprietary data platform to help people reach their full potential. The company was created on the premise that purposeful cannabis consumption is the key to unlocking a better you.

How Ancient Medicine Is Merging With Legalization

Since all the philosophies and treatments in Ayurveda are intended to balance the body while promoting wellness, it isn’t surprising that they don’t encourage long-term use of cannabis.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

Ayurveda is an ancient medical system originating in India, dating back to over 3,000 years ago. At the very core of Ayurveda, the treatments and lifestyle recommended are meant to promote good health while preventing illness. Some of the practices that are recommended in Ayurveda include using herbal remedies, massages, yoga, meditation, and following the specified diet.

Additionally, Ayurveda sees the five elements of nature—water, fire, air, space, and earth—combine in the human body as doshas, or components. These doshas are the pitta, vatta, or kapha, all of which relate to the elements of nature. Ayurveda states that for optimum mental and physical health, all the doshas should be well balanced.

Here's What You Should Know About Getting A Massage During COVID
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In India, Ayurveda is the most widely accepted type of medical care the way we accept western medicine here. Professional ayurvedic practitioners should undergo institutionalized training in order to be able to practice.

Many westerners look to Ayurveda to counter illness and even as a substitute for western medicine as a whole. Just like naturopathy, homeopathy, and other more eastern-types of medical systems, Ayurveda has many benefits for those who want to veer away from conventional pharmaceuticals and the western medical system – which has failed many.

The uses of cannabis in ancient Indian medical texts has been traced to thousands of years ago, as it was written about in the Atharva veda, the traditional sacred literature that is part of the Vedas, stating that it’s one of the earth’s five sacred plants together with soma, sugar, darhbha grass, and barley. There are also certain ayurvedic names that refer to cannabis which are Vijaya for one, meaning, one who conquers; the other is siddhi, which means achievement and subtle power.

It wasn’t until the Middle Ages that cannabis was mentioned in ayurvedic texts where it was referred to as Bhang (leaves of female and male marijuana plants, and a name for hemp), charas (plant resin), and ganja (flowering tops of the female plant), among others.

Ganja is more widely used to refer to marijuana plant parts and in some Indian regions, they use Bhang to refer to a drink made out of cannabis.

quiz dont be that toker test your cannabis etiquette before imbibing
Photo by Shane Cotee/EyeEm/Getty Images

How Ayurveda Recommends Cannabis Usage

Since all the philosophies and treatments in Ayurveda are intended to balance the body while promoting wellness, it isn’t surprising that they don’t encourage long-term use of cannabis. They believe that doing so will dry up the body; ironically, they also think that long-term use will cause anxiety, depression, reduction in testosterone and infertility in men.

However, they do promote moderate use which they believe will warm the body, stimulate the nervous system, sedate, and act as an aphrodisiac. According to Ayurveda, the properties of the plant are heat-producing, penetrating (quickly spreads around the body), sharp, pungent, and light.

RELATED: The Exploding Health Benefits Of CBD + Adaptogens

When making medicine out of cannabis, they use the flowers, resin, seeds, and leaves. Bhang made from leaf powder is usually given at a dose of 125 to 250 mg, for ganja 50 to 125 mg, and resin, 30 mg. They believe that the resin and the flowers are a powerful narcotic that has many spiritual and physical benefits.

The benefits of cannabis in their medical text is covered in multiple ways:

  • Bhang is recommended for the temporary treatment of high blood pressure. It’s intended to be used for the short term only since high blood pressure is treated also using other types of ayurvedic practices.
  • Bhang is also recommended for treating glaucoma.
  • It stimulates the nervous system and provides relief from nervous exhaustion, convulsions, neuralgia, delirium, and headaches
  • Sikh in the north of India occasionally take a mixture of bhang together with pistachios and almonds as well as rose petals, saffron, and black pepper among other things with cow’s milk to help them concentrate especially after tiring all-day practices. It’s also used to help them efficiently digest food.
  • Oral cannabis was recommended during Tibbi and Ayurvedic rituals for the treatment of rheumatism and malaria
  • Bang was consumed by newlyweds to help increase their libido
  • Marijuana was mentioned by the Bhav Prakash Nighantu for treating nasal congestion, diarrhea, pain relief, and respiratory disorders among many others
  • During the Holi, or Indian spring color festival, they prepare a drink called Thandai which has some variants, one of which is made with Bhang. Since the Kapha dosha tends to get imbalanced during the spring, they believe that drinking Bhang will help restore balance and treat seasonal congestions including coughs and colds

These are just some of the many recommended uses of cannabis in Ayurveda.

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Photo by Nicole De Khors via Burst

It’s also interesting to note that preparing marijuana requires purification first. In many cases they boil it first in Acacia arabica, a decoction known as Babbula. Other detoxification methods involve mixing cannabis in milk.

RELATED: The Connection Between Ayurveda, Cannabis, And Psychedelics

The philosophies of Ayurveda include right and wrong ways to use cannabis, but when used correctly, it’s effective in treating the conditions listed above. Primarily, it’s widely known to be effective in treating digestive and respiratory disorders and other disorders requiring the use of a tonic.

It also has spiritual properties as there are some scriptures indicating that it was cultivated and prepared for spiritual use. It was also a valuable plant for Lord Shiva, the god of transformation. There are no mentions in ayurvedic scriptures where it’s used for recreational purposes or intoxication, though many people in North India as well as Nepal use it regularly these days for recreation and as part of religious rituals.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

Will This New DOT Policy Curb Drug Test Cheaters?

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If the research were to be successful, this tool could be used in a variety of situations, whether measuring intoxication in commercial drivers, or as a tool for law enforcers.

The U.S. Department of Transportation is en route to make an important change that could influence workers who use cannabis. The department recently proposed a new rule that gives employers the choice to include oral cannabis tests for their employees. While a drug test is still a drug test, there are a variety of benefits associated with these, especially when compared to urinalyses.

The transportation industry might be among the few industries where a cannabis drug test is actually useful, judging whether or not a worker is equipped to drive. Still, the use of urinalysis is invasive and doesn’t provide an answer on whether or not a person is intoxicated with cannabis; it only shows if the person consumed cannabis at some point in the past month. An oral saliva exam could provide a more accurate reading, showing if the person consumed THC at some point in the past 24 hours.

RELATED: Which Industries Most Often Test Workers For Cannabis?

These Drivers Test Positive For Marijuana More Than Any Other Substance
Photo by SOCMIA Fotografía via Unsplash

Aside from all of this, oral tests are less likely to result in cheating, since they’re usually provided on the spot. “This will give employers a choice that will help combat employee cheating on urine drug tests and provide a more economical, less intrusive means of achieving the safety goals of the program,” reports the notice.

According to a new labor report conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the transportation and warehousing industries lead in terms of requiring drug tests from their employees. While jobs have become more lenient as cannabis earns its legal status in a variety of states, drivers with commercial driver’s licenses (CDL) can face serious penalties if failing a drug test, being stripped of their work, and facing suspensions.

RELATED: These Drivers Test Positive For Marijuana More Than Any Other Substance

There’s yet to be a test that measures whether or not someone is currently intoxicated with cannabis, but a saliva test is the closest thing there is. According to an ongoing study, researchers discovered a way of measuring whether someone is currently intoxicated with cannabis or not, using a technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy that measures brain patterns. If the research were to be successful, this tool could be used in a variety of situations, whether measuring intoxication in commercial drivers, or as a tool for law enforcers.

The public has until March 30 to submit comments and propose additions to this new policy.

New York’s Draft Conditional Retail Regulations Raise Practical Concerns

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The very specific requirements for qualifying applicants, and the system for selecting dispensary locations and assigning applicants to these locations, may complicate the application process.

It is an exciting time in New York, as there is finally momentum towards the first sales in the adult-use cannabis market. Just weeks after Governor Kathy Hochul signed a bill to permit qualified hemp farmers to start growing the first batch of adult-use cannabis, the Cannabis Control Board has released draft regulations that would award the first 100 retail licenses to applicants that meet certain requirements, most notably that an individual applicant or an immediate family member have a past conviction for a marijuana-related offense in New York.

It should be noted up front that state cannabis regulators have extremely difficult jobs balancing a number of conflicting interests. Regulators have tried a number of novel approaches to craft fair and equitable industries in their states, but almost inevitably there has been litigation from parties that do not feel they had a fair shake, sometimes delaying the launch of the entire industry in that state.

RELATED: New York Hemp Farmers Promoting Equity In Cannabis Can Also Grow Weed

new york
Photo by Tom Ritson via Unsplash

The new draft regulations in New York unfortunately may end up with a similar result. Every headline announcing the regulations has focused on the requirement for an applicant to have a marijuana conviction in the family, but the requirements for an applicant to qualify for these conditional licenses unfortunately do not end there. The draft regulations also require that a controlling owner of an applicant needs to “hold or have held, for a minimum of two years, at least ten percent ownership interest in, and control of, a qualifying business, which means a business that had net profit for at least two of the years the business was in operation.” This is potentially problematic for a number of reasons.

First, the stated goal of the regulators is to help families that have been significantly hurt by marijuana convictions. But if these families have been so severely impacted, would it not be extremely difficult to have owned a part of a profitable business? Outside of that potential incongruity, the practical effect of the profitable business ownership requirement is that the pool of possible applicants that could qualify for the license will decrease, to a degree that would appear to be difficult to estimate.

While most states require applicant entities to provide information about their owners and managers to state regulators, these draft regulations are exceptionally detailed in listing out the types of information and documents relating to ownership and control of an applicant entity that are required to be disclosed. The draft regulations are designed to ensure that the individual owners of an applicant that are “justice involved” (i.e. have a marijuana conviction in the family) maintain control of the applicant entity throughout the application process and during the life of the conditional license, barring approval of an ownership transfer by New York regulators.

The other significant part of the draft regulations that should not be overlooked is the insight they provide into the potential locations of the license winners’ dispensaries. New York is trying to create a $200 million fund to support license winners’ real estate requirements. The state is currently utilizing real estate brokers to find over 100 suitable locations for dispensaries, and the state intends to use the fund to enter into leases and manage the construction and equipping of these properties.

On this point, the draft regulations provide that regulators may establish geographic zones throughout the state, and link these to applicants’ scoring point totals. Applicants may be asked to rank their preferences for the geographic zone where their dispensary would be located, and then regulators would assign the applicants with the highest application point totals to their preferred geographic zone. If there are more applicants that request a particular geographic zone than there are leased dispensary locations in that zone (say, New York City!), regulators would assign applicants with lower point totals to another geographic zone.

new york
Photo by Ferdinand Stöhr via Unsplash

There is no information as to how applicants in a particular geographic zone would be assigned to specific properties, but it would presumably be a similar ranking system based on points totals. 

Taking a step back, the result of this system is that there are certain applicants that may end up with dispensary locations far away from where they live. Applicants that win these conditional retail licenses may have the benefit of being the first to open their doors, and the economic support of the proposed fund, but in exchange they would seemingly sacrifice some autonomy, including selecting the location of their business.

RELATED: New York Senate Gives Green Light To Marijuana Licensing & Equity Bill

To summarize, New York regulators have created a novel approach to the issue of equity within the cannabis industry in the draft conditional retail regulations. Unfortunately, the very specific requirements for qualifying applicants, and the system for selecting dispensary locations and assigning applicants to these locations, may complicate the application process and launch of these conditional retail dispensaries.

Jon Purow is Counsel in the New York office of Zuber Lawler, where he assists clients with their cannabis and/or intellectual property legal needs. When not practicing law or fighting crime as a masked vigilante, Jon is host of the podcast “Cannabis Last Week”, hybrid news/analysis extract from 420+ sources.

This article originally appeared on Zuber Lawler and has been reposted with permission.

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