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Study Says CBD No Better Than Placebo For Cancer Symptoms

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Can you really conclude from one study that CBD isolate is not effective in relieving “a myriad of symptoms” in advanced cancer?

A study says CBD is no better than a placebo for cancer symptoms.  Published recently in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that cannabidiol (CBD) is no better than placebo in relieving symptoms of end stage cancer. This was a double blind and placebo-controlled study that was conducted by Mater Research in collaboration with the University of Queensland.

Before we even dive into the details of the study, one generally wonders how a single compound in cannabis offered at the same dosage is supposed to relieve a myriad of symptoms. That more or less sounds like machine gun medicine, something that the medical cannabis community has often picked issue with.

cancer treatment
Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko via Pexels

Details of the Study

The study involved 144 participants, all who were  receiving palliative treatment for advanced cancer. The participants received either pure CBD or placebo for a duration of 28 days. The researchers investigated the effects of CBD in relieving general distress, pain, anxiety, and depression. They also monitored adverse effects.

All the parameters were observed and recorded at 14 days and at 28 days. The results showed no significant difference in symptom improvement in patients who received CBD compared to those who received placebo. Also, adverse effects reported were not related to either interventions (CBD or placebo). A conclusion was made that “CBD may not add value in reducing symptoms for patients with advanced cancer beyond standard palliative care.” And it seemed that the researchers were not surprised by this finding.

“The best way to describe the uptake of medicinal cannabis following its legalization was as a social phenomenon — everyone wanted it, but there was little evidence to guide its usage,” said lead researcher Professor Hardy.

Issue 1: Dosage of CBD Offered for Palliative Care

The participants were offered titrations of CBD oil or placebo from 50mg/day to 600mg/day. In comparison, CBD oil for epilepsy (Epidiolex) is offered at a starting dose of 5 mg/kg/day (350mg for a 70kg man) to 20 mg/kg/day (1,400mg for a 70kg man). This is not to say that the CBD dose offered was too low. A different study showed that a dose of 300mg/day of oral CBD was effective in treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

However, one wonders whether higher doses of CBD could have worked better for some symptoms. Would it not have been more effective to assess one condition at a time and rule out the potential of different doses of CBD isolate in offering relief? Or can you conclude from one study that CBD isolate is not effective in relieving “a myriad of symptoms” in advanced cancer?

Here’s the thing. Surprisingly, 36% of the study participants opted to purchase the CBD treatment in spite of being aware of the results and even being convinced that they were part of the active (CBD) arm of the study. There are two possible explanations for this: general optimism in spite of lack of evidence (as cited by the researchers) or the participants actually experienced an improved sense of wellbeing.

RELATED: Can CBD Help With PMS?

Dr. Grinspoon, a well respected thought leader in medical cannabis, has previously reported that “people almost exclusively talk about their quality of life getting better when using cannabis as compared to opiates.”

But dosage is the smaller issue here.

seniors marijuana
Photo by Westend61/Getty Images

Issue 2: CBD Isolate Versus Full Spectrum CBD

Cannabis is made up of hundreds of bioactive molecules, with CBD and THC being the most popular. These compounds act together synergistically to enhance the therapeutic benefits in what has been described as the entourage mechanism. For example, when it comes to managing pain or nausea and vomiting, studies have shown that a combination of THC and CBD is more effective than an isolate of each compound on its own.

RELATED: Women With Menopause Now Turning To Cannabis For Treatment

While it is believed that THC has stronger analgesic properties, CBD helps to offset some of the negative effects of THC. In addition, terpenes also play a key role in unleashing the true potential of medical cannabis. Therefore, when looking at a broad range of cancer symptoms, it would be unfair to overlook the benefits that are offered through the entourage mechanism.

While CBD as an isolate may offer great relief for epilepsy, it may require additional compounds or substitutes to address other cancer symptoms.

Is CBD Any Good For Cancer?

That’s a hard question to answer from any one study. Some studies have demonstrated anti-tumor properties of CBD in some cancers but not others. When it comes to symptoms of advanced cancer, this is best looked at on a case-by-case basis.

While it may be true that there might be an “over-optimism” about medical cannabis, there also could be some “over-pessimism” from a sector of the medical community. And as the saying goes, if all you have is a hammer, everything you see will look like a nail.

How To Be Mindful When Smoking Weed (And Why It’s Important)

Mindfulness is something that can benefit everyone and can be done with everything. This is just one example of how you can introduce this concept into your life today.

Is mindfulness just a fad or is there something to it? What does it mean to be mindful? Synonyms to this word include, “attentive”, “observant” and my favorite, “heedful”.

Yes, being mindful is simply being present. Becoming acutely aware of awareness. It’s a freakishly simple activity that can produce some profound life altering changes in the lives of practitioners.

5 Common Problems For Marijuana Users And How To Fix Them
Photo by Tania Mousinho via Unsplash

Yes, there are millions of people who actively practice sitting still, with their eyes closed and simply observing reality from this perspective. Some people find it difficult, however, mindfulness is the kind of thing that just sort of “happens”. It’s not about trying but more just about getting comfortable and waiting for nothing to happen.

Allowing all thought and noise to continue as usual, life to unfold without your interference. You’re simply allowing whatever is going on “to exist” and opting out of active participation. You let go of the handle bars, close your eyes, and experience whatever is happening in and around you.

This is mindfulness in its basic form. However, some people find this incredibly difficult to do. It’s not entirely their fault either; this hyper-digitalized world has created expectation for quick returns. Practicing mindfulness is about the process and not so much about the results. You are simply engaging in a different “mode” of consciousness, one that many people never engage with during their entire lives. For those that can’t “shut down the mind”, mindfulness doesn’t have to be so extreme either.

You can begin to train your mind to be more mindful by incorporating it in certain acts in your life. For example, taking a “mindful walk” means to become acutely observant on everything that is happening in your body as you are walking. Each step, each movement, focusing in on the subtle sensations in your body and mind. Becoming aware of where your thoughts drift to, where your emotions linger, and simply tuning everything out to become observant of the walk. You can do this with eating, showering and even breathing! You can even do it with smoking cannabis!

Learning How to Take a Mindful Toke

If you want to maximize the experience of mindfulness toking, you’ll want to prepare yourself properly. Start by abstaining from weed for about seven days. I know some of you will say something like, “A week without toking weed?,” of which I respond, “YES!”

Seven days is a light detox; it’s a week of sobriety, no big deal. If it is a big deal, the exercise of mindfulness toking would have already revealed its first fruit, revealed how dependent you are to cannabis.

Of course, if you’re using it for medical reasons, it’s understandable that abstinence might not be so easy to do. However, even if you are afflicted with a medical condition, abstaining a day or two is still recommended.

RELATED: How To Keep Your Lungs Healthy And Happy As A Marijuana Toker

This period of abstinence is for us to see which areas of our life cannabis affects. It will also reveal to us the intensity of the symptoms or side effects of “not having cannabis” in our lives, which would deepen the appreciation for what the plant is doing for you.

Some Experts Say That Mindfulness & Meditation Can Worsen Anxiety
Photo by Simon Migaj via Unsplash

You will be the judge of your own experience, but if it is possible practice at least twenty-four hours of complete abstinence but ideally you’ll want to do seven days. During these seven days, try to eat healthy, do some exercise, build up a sweat and purge yourself.

During the period of fasting, you will want to engage in mindfulness as much as you can. This doesn’t mean meditate for seven days straight, but try to become aware of your surroundings, the thoughts in your head, how you feel at different times of the day. When you take a sip of coffee, get out of your head and into your tongue and observe how it tastes. Where does the sensation start, where does it end?

You can also take quick meditations of five to 10 minutes or do some breathwork, yoga, or qigong, whatever floats your boat. The point is to prime the mind to become more mindful. You’ll want to have some practice before mixing it with cannabis, that way you’ll be comfortable in the experience and get more out of it.

RELATED: How To Choose The Right Cannabis Strain

When you wake up, do a quick meditation, stretch, eat some food and get as comfortable as you can. Depending on how intense you want the experience to bel you can choose to take edibles or toke up… that’s up to you.

Edibles will give a deeper body experience whereas smoking it might make it a tad bit more cerebral. I recommend smoking first if it’s your first time ever doing something like this. Mainly because 11-hydroxy-TCH can create some intense trips and after a seven day body purge — you might be in for a journey.

However, I leave all of this in your fine judgement.

Smoking Marijuana
Photo by RODNAE Productions from Pexels

If you’re smoking weed, you’ll want to engage with mindfulness during the entire process. Before you begin, say a simple mantra like, “I am here now” to remind yourself to be mindful. This will bring your attention back to the moment. You can also say things like “I am being mindful right now” as a simple command.

Then, become mindful of everything. The setting, how you’re breathing, the cannabis. Pick it up, look at it, smell it… break off a piece and taste it raw. Simply become aware of it. Feel how it crumbles in your hands…and then roll it, becoming aware of absolutely everything you are doing.

Before you spark up, take a few deep grounding breaths, which is simply a deep four-second inhalation into the nose, and a five-second exaltation out through the mouth. Simply focus on your breathing, focus in on your body. You can also do a quick body scan, which is simply checking how you are feeling at that particular moment.

RELATED: Is Cannabis The New Wellness Drug For The Modern Human?

Once you are ready, spark up whatever it is you are smoking and become aware of the smoke as it enters through your mouth and travels down your throat and into your lungs. Feel how the gas exchange takes place, how your lungs absorb the cannabinoid-infused smoke or vapor. As you exhale, take note of how your body is feeling after this first toke.

cannabis smell terpenes
Photo by Sharon Mccutcheon / EyeEm/Getty Images

Don’t take another toke. Wait for about five minutes in complete stillness. You can close your eyes and simply focus in on your breathing. Observe the feelings in your body, focus in on specific parts. Do this for as long as you can.

Once you feel that the effects have evened out, go ahead and take a second large toke or two. Once again, set the weed aside for another five to 10 minutes and engage in mindfulness.

If you feel that the effects level out again, you can then take a third toke or two and engage again in mindfulness.

After the third time, you can simply enjoy the rest of the joint/blunt/pipe or whatever you chose as your medium.

Once you’re done toking, simply observe your surrounding, do some meditation; take some time to simply be with yourself for a little while. Get to know yourself.

Mindfulness is something that can benefit everyone and can be done with everything. This is just one example of how you can introduce this concept into your life today.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

Cannabis Industry Takes On Deadbeat Dealers

Regardless of the reasons why, it looks as if patience has run thin, and the industry is doing what it can to protect itself from deadbeat dealers.

 

The marijuana market is booming with consumer, but businesses are suffering. Part of the reason is some shady papers.  Finally the cannabis industry takes on deadbeat dealers. The people taking cannabis products to sell and then not paying for them.

From the smallest to some of the largest companies, many are having a hard time getting paid for delivered products. The most common payment term in retail is 30 days after the receipt of the product, however, that is being stretched to 60 and even 90 days in the cannabis industry.

Sometimes it’s never, which is prompting the industry to take matters into its own hands.

marijuana money
Photo by Aleksandr_Kravtsov/Getty Images

Self-policing

“Some states and the brands within those states themselves, are actually forming their own coalitions together to start announcing and publicizing some of the companies that they should and should not do business with,” said Brett Gelfand, managing partner of Cannabiz Collects. “Cannabiz Collects is actually working on leveraging our own data as well to build an association to help our clients and members prevent further issues in the future, based on the data of the 3,500 claims that we’ve gotten submitted through our agency, so things are starting to pop up.”

Cannabiz Collects negotiates with businesses to get unpaid bills resolved. In turn, the company receives a portion of the recovered payment. Gelfand said one of the challenges towards recognizing the deadbeats is that most companies don’t report the accounts receivable data on a regular monthly basis, which makes it harder to recognize repeat offenders.

RELATED: Are Bad Actors In Cannabis On The Decline?

“Unfortunately, we’ve had the same experience as everyone else — waiting to get paid,” Jason Vegotsky, CEO of Petalfast said. “There’s actually a group now in California of the leading distributors that have come together. We share notes on a weekly basis with each other on who’s paying and who is not paying.”

That led to a behind-the-scenes “credit rating” used by distributors to identify the bad actors and an informal arrangement to not do business with the ones that weren’t paying.

He went on to say that eventually, as the bad actors realize they can’t get product to sell, it motivates them to pay up. He even noted that in California there was a behind-the-scenes credit rating with the distributors.

RELATED: How Pig Farmers Could Affect Cannabis Interstate Commerce

“It’s been nice for everybody to work together to solve this problem,” Vegotsky said.

Wholesale platform LeafLink is on the front lines of the issue as brands and producers display their wares for others to buy. The company said, “If a buyer is unable to complete payment on a transaction made through the LeafLink marketplace, their accounts are paused until the issue is resolved. Should the buyer or seller not fulfill their agreement, they are not able to use LeafLink offerings.”

LeafLink said it works to protect both the buyers and sellers and that both have to meet compliance and underwriting requirements.

Marijuana Underage Sales Check Experience A Drop, Concerning Marijuana Regulators
Photo by Megaflopp/Getty Images

No Credit in New York

The newest entrant into legalized adult-use cannabis, New York specifically stated that cannabis can’t be bought on credit: “No registered organization, licensee, or permittee, or other entity under the jurisdiction of the board, shall sell, deliver or give away, or cause, permit or procure to be sold, delivered or given away any cannabis, cannabis product, or medical cannabis on credit; except that a registered organization, licensee, or permittee may accept third-party credit cards for the sale of any cannabis.”

Since most credit cards can’t be used to purchase cannabis, it seems that New York will be a mostly cash-up-front market.

RELATED: Will New York Be Able To Control Its Underground Market?

Some blame the cash crunch on businesses simply not being able to pay for inventory, while others think that cannabis operators just believe contract law is only a suggestion. Still others shrug and say “That’s cannabis for ya.”

Regardless of the reasons why, it looks as if patience has run thin, and the industry is doing what it can to protect itself from deadbeat dealers.

This article originally appeared on Green Market Report and has been reposted with permission.

The Future Of Federal Cannabis Legislation With A New Congress

The only thing that really is certain about the 118th congress is that no one is really certain about anything.

There is a lot of curiosity building around the 118th congress and what it can, and can’t, accomplish over the next two years. With the House of Representatives now controlled by republicans, and the senate and executive branches remaining democratic, there will certainly be some difference of opinions, and higher hurdles to jump over if lawmakers hope to pass meaningful change. What is the future of federal cannabis legislation with a new congress

But one issue that had forward momentum in the previous congress, and that has built a bit of bipartisan support, is marijuana policy. A perfect example of exactly how bipartisan cannabis legalization has become is the States Reform Act, which was sponsored by republican congresswoman Nancy Mace.

Nancy Mace
Photo by Allison Joyce/Getty Images

We had the opportunity to correspond with representative Mace via email after she and other lawmakers attended a hearing called “Developments in State Cannabis Laws and Bipartisan Cannabis Reforms at the Federal Level,” on November 15. We were wondering how this hearing left her thinking about cannabis legalization during the 118th congress, and the current trajectory of the States Reform Act.

In regards to the hearing, “The room was packed with passionate supporters who want to see our country take this historic step forward,” congresswoman Mace wrote. “We were left cautiously optimistic and energized for continued progress,” she continued.

When asked about the current timeline for her bill, she said the timeline remains the same. “The cosponsors of the bill and I are making a push to get the bill passed this Congress with an alternative strategy for the text going into the 118th Congress,” Mace wrote. 

It is clear that congresswoman mace is determined to reach across the aisle in Washington in order to make this bill work, and break through to those still skeptical about cannabis in both parties. “Something so popular across the country should not remain so controversial in DC,” wrote the congresswoman. In regards to the political shift in congress, moving from democratic to republican, the republican congresswoman remains optimistic about the bill’s chances. 

“A republican shift in congress could bring increased support for the States Reform Act,” Mace wrote. “States should be granted the right to choose their own path on cannabis, and the conservative case for limited federal government provides a framework for this type of policy,” she continued. She also wrote that the Republicans she has spoken with “recognize the burden will be upon our party to get this right.” 

RELATED: EXCLUSIVE: Rep. Nancy Mace Talks Biden’s Pardons, Reclassification Of Marijuana, And States Reform Act

We also had the chance to ask John Hudak, Ph.D. deputy director of the Center for Effective Public Management and a senior fellow in Governance Studies at Brookings about the hearings and the future trajectory of cannabis reform. 

legal marijuana courts
Photo by Olena Ruban/Getty Images

“The latest congressional hearing was a breath of fresh air from our day-to-day politics because it showed an issue that has bipartisan support from all types of ideologies in Congress,” Hudak wrote in an email. 

RELATED: Congressional Candidates’ Silence On Cannabis Reform

Hudak also had a bit of optimism about the final weeks of the 117th congress, and their ability to get some meaningful work done in their lame duck session.

“While full scale legalization will not pass during the lame duck, there is opportunity for meaningful piece-meal reforms to get through the U.S. Senate,” he wrote. The current congress and the lame duck session will end on January 3. 

When it comes to the next few years, however, Hudak is much less optimistic. “The opportunity for cannabis reform efforts will die with the current 117th Congress,” he wrote. “Republican House leaders have shown very little interest and in some cases explicit opposition to large-scale cannabis reform,” he wrote. 

RELATED: Delaware Shows The War On Drugs Lives On In Liberal Enclaves

The only thing that really is certain about the 118th congress is that no one is really certain about anything. Conservatives have been slower to move on cannabis legalization than liberals, but people like representative Mace and her co-sponsors are examples of those who may shift that viewpoint and stigma when it comes to conservatives and cannabis, and, in turn, may just help make some changes to marijuana laws in the 118th congress.

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

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It is hypothesized that CHS may be a result of overstimulation of endocannabinoid receptors. Genetics may also have a role to play.

By

There’s one way to die from cannabis, and it’s cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). According to the Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology, there have been about 2217 reported deaths from CHS. The figure is probably higher considering that most cases are never diagnosed and hence never reported.

CHS is a rather new diagnosis that is often confused with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Both conditions are characterized by cyclic episodes of excessive vomiting (hyperemesis) that may eventually lead to death. Even though exact mechanisms are yet to be confirmed, THC has been implicated in CHS.

nausea
Photo by monkeybusinessimages / Getty Images

On the flip side, one of the approved uses of THC is in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Isn’t it paradoxical that THC would trigger both CHS and be an effective cure for CINV nonetheless?

CHS was first described in a 2004 paper as cyclical hyperemesis (vomiting) as a result of chronic cannabis abuse. Apart from the vomiting, the researchers also noted that the patients were taking frequent hot baths for relief, as a learned behavior. It is hypothesized that CHS may be a result of overstimulation of endocannabinoid receptors. Genetics may also have a role to play, according to preliminary research.

RELATED: Is ‘Uncontrollable Vomiting’ Really A Serious Side Effect Of Marijuana?

CHS is often divided into three phases. The first is the prodromal phase where the patient experiences early morning nausea and slight abdominal discomfort. This phase may last for several years. The second is the hyperemetic phase that’s characterized by severe nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and the learned behavior of taking hot baths. Left untreated, the patient can deteriorate quite fast during this stage due to electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. The final stage is the recovery phase.

Most of the patients who’ve been diagnosed with CHS are young adults with a history of chronic cannabis use (16 years on average). They reported daily use of cannabis, up to three or five times per day. Chronic cannabis use is what differentiates CHS from cyclic vomiting syndrome. In addition, the behavior of taking compulsive hot showers is only observed in CHS.

RELATED: A Brief Examination Of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Treatment for CHS revolves around treating nausea and vomiting and preventing a relapse during the recovery phase. Even with the proven anti-emetic properties of cannabis, this is one case where offering it as a form of treatment may cause more harm than good.

The Best Way To Grow Weed

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Different cannabis enthusiasts and growers have their preferred method of growing cannabis, with each method having its advantages and drawbacks, some more than others.

What is the best way to grow weed? Soil is the most well-known and recognizable growing medium. Cannabis and other plants have been grown in soil for many years. But there are now a lot of additional soilless growing options available for your cannabis.

A cannabis plant can grow and flower regardless of the medium as long as the roots have room to expand and access fresh oxygen, water, and the right nutrients. However, the majority of growers will have a strong personal preference for a particular medium based on factors like desired yields, ease of use, and growing space. The following is a list of the most typical media utilized by expert growers in the cannabis industry:

growing cannabis
Photo by CRYSTALWEED cannabis via Unsplash

Growing Cannabis in Soil 

In addition to an outdoor planting area, continuous monitoring, and a basic understanding of soil management, growing weed in soil demands a lot of patience. Although most beginners adopt this strategy, there may be some issues before you can eventually reap the rewards of your labor. You won’t have much trouble following the steps if you’ve ever grown plants indoors or outdoors before.

The potential for the success of outdoor cannabis cultivation is its biggest benefit. The size and height your plants may attain will give you a year’s worth of freshly produced cannabis if you have enough room to plant your seeds. The trick is to create and keep up perfect growing conditions, which don’t just rely on the soil’s nutrients and growing characteristics.

Pros and Cos of Growing Weed in Soil 

Pros:

  • Reduced costs.
  • The process is easy to understand and follow
  • Requires no special equipment
  • Massive cannabis harvest
  • Eco-friendly technology.

Cons:

  • Less control of the result.
  • Local weather and climate can be a problem.
  • Requires continuous supervision.

Growing Cannabis in Rockwool  

A substrate called rockwool is made by spinning molten basaltic rock into fine strands. How does it relate to marijuana cultivation? Rockwool appears to be the ideal substrate for hydroponic growing setups. Rockwool is widely used in commercial cannabis production and is not disregarded by personal hydroponic growers due to its inert qualities, natural capacity to hold water, and ability to give adequate oxygenation to the plant roots.

RELATED: What Is Rockwool And Why Is It A New Buzzword In The Marijuana Industry?

The idea of growing marijuana in rockwool initially strikes you as odd. But with all of the advantages, it’s the best option for those just starting with hydroponic horticulture. No less rigorous than the others, rockwool media is completely devoid of organic materials. Additionally, the surroundings are clean and devoid of harmful metals.

Why bother looking at other growth mediums if rockwool is so perfect for growing cannabis? Rockwool is not an exception to the norm; no media is ideal. Rockwool’s effect on the environment is its main drawback. It cannot be recycled, is not biodegradable, and is typically not produced in a sustainable manner.

rockwool
Photo by Reni Purnama Sari/Getty Images

Pros and Cons of Rockwool Planting 

Pros:

  • It can be used for both hydroponics and soil growing.
  • It is not difficult to set up and maintain.
  • The growing environment is germ-free, free from organic threats and metals.
  • It provides good drainage and easy root penetration.
  • Warmth, moisture, and darkness of rockwool cubes result in great germination.

Cons:

  • It is not an eco-friendly method.
  • Stabilizing water pH can be a serious issue.
  • Rockwool is not sustainable or biodegradable.

Growing Cannabis in Peat Moss 

Cannabis grown with peat moss increases the likelihood of a plentiful harvest and decreases the likelihood of failure. Both growers using soil and those using hydroponics can benefit from the usage of peat moss as a fertilizer. However, don’t squander time if you intend to employ peat moss in your nearby cannabis garden. Weeks are needed to prepare peat moss for gardening.

RELATED: Rookie Errors To Avoid When You Are Just Starting To Grow Weed

The excellent news is that peat moss can be used to achieve the ideal pH for cannabis. An expert grower is aware of the significance of a balanced pH. Peat moss can be used with alkaline soil additions because of its acidic pH level. As a result, successful cultivation and efficient absorption of all necessary nutrients are guaranteed.

Pros and Cons of Using Peat Moss 

Pros:

  • Adds healthy nutrients.
  • Has promising water-holding capacity.
  • Carries an important role in the acidifying process.
  • Has outstanding resistant properties and is contamination free.
  • Enriches the grow environment with beneficial microorganisms.

Cons:

  • Requires much time to prepare.
  • Can lead to soil compression.
  • Raises concerns of sustainability.
growing marijuana
Photo by Cappi Thompson/Getty Images

Growing Cannabis in Coco + Perlite  

Another alternate option that is well-liked by cannabis enthusiasts is growing marijuana in coco coir. Before weed gardeners discovered how to make use of the coconut husk, it was seen as a waste product. Its refined fiber provides an almost ideal environment for marijuana cultivation. This medium, which has an average pH of 6.5-7.0 and is oxygen-rich and superbly water-retentive, is beneficial for both outdoor and indoor plants.

Cannabis grown by flushing in coco is the most environmentally friendly method. This process is completely recyclable and green. To improve your probability of a fruitful and successful harvest, you can choose to add specific cannabis perlite. Both soil and hydroponic farming schools advise using the obsidian supplement perlite. It stimulates root development, boosts oxygen levels, and reduces soil weight when applied to coco coir.

RELATED: Is There Really Any Difference Between Cannabis Grown Indoors Vs. Outdoors?

Although it takes more work and knowledge, growing cannabis on coco coir produces significantly better results than growing it in just soil. Try planting in coco coir as the next upgrade if soil growing is no longer difficult for you.

It is more difficult to choose between peat moss and coconut coir. Go for coco coir without hesitation if you are a committed conservationist or in a time crunch.  Give peat moss a try if you enjoy gardening in general, strive for the finest outcome, and have enough time to prepare the growing medium. Contrasting these mediums’ characteristics is challenging. It is therefore preferable if you can examine peat moss and coco coir in action to evaluate which result best suits your needs.

Pros and Cons of Coco + Perlite  

Pros:

  • The technique is easy.
  • Coco coir is as accessible as soil.
  • It is a totally eco-friendly cultivation process.
  • Has a light structure that is better for root development.

Cons:

  • Needs to be hydrated in order to activate.
  • Requires nutrients, such as cannabis perlite.

Bottom Line

Different cannabis enthusiasts and growers have their preferred method of growing cannabis, with each method having its advantages and drawbacks, some more than others. Using these methods is acceptable, you just have to know the pros and cons and choose what’s best for you.

This article was created in partnership with Cannabis.net

A Grower Wins A Cannabis Competition, Prize Was A Fine

The enforcement serves as a cautionary tale for businesses looking to subvert the still-current federal prohibition of transporting cannabis product across state lines.

By Adam Jackson

As Rhode Island commenced adult-use sales last week, growers will look to compete against those vying for cultivation notoriety. However, one operator’s experience serves as a reminder for those operating in the nascent market. It seems the grower won a cannabis competition and the prize was a fine!

Yes, the state told Rhode Island-based cultivator Mammoth Inc. that it has to cough up $10,000 after the grower took home the top prize in March for a THC flower strain at the New England Cannabis Convention (NECANN).

cannabis bud
Photo by Tetra Images/Getty Images

The issue? The competition took place at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston — across the state border. The state’s Office of Cannabis Regulation eventually caught wind of the development after the company posted the win on its Instagram page.

The fine was to be paid in four installments over a nine-month period, with the second payment due at the end of this month.

The enforcement serves as a cautionary tale for businesses looking to subvert the still-current federal prohibition of transporting cannabis product across state lines.

RELATED: International Cannabis Reform Ramps Up In Europe, South America

In a September document, regulators stated that Mammoth transported 28 one-gram samples across state lines to be entered into the competition nearly a month prior.

The company’s attorney, Lisa Holley, told NBC 10 WJAR that the company had a booth at the convention but did not sign up for the competition itself, contending that there is no evidence that points to Mammoth as the party that transported the product to Massachusetts.

RELATED: Bill Would Make Cannabis Companies Eligible For SBA Loans

“They accepted it. That’s what they did wrong,” Holley told the outlet, adding that Mammoth believes someone entered its cannabis in the competition because they liked the product.

This article originally appeared on Green Market Report and has been reposted with permission.

Does Cannabis Help Protect The Brain From Injury And Other Issues

Cannabis is certainly an excellent all-natural way to support our cognitive functions while also healing from emotional distress or brain injury.

Neuroplasticity is the medical term given to the brain’s ability to adapt and changed based on its environment and experience. The neural networks in the brain can change, organize themselves, and even grow new connections because of its malleability. Lots going on in the brain and like a car, it needs a bit of help to run smoothly.  Does cannabis help protect the brain from injury and long term issues?

It is known that younger brains, such as those of children, are generally more malleable. Their brains are more sensitive to experience compared to those of older adults. Aging causes the brain to degenerate over time, due to the lack of brain cells, leading to disorders such as Alzheimer’s.

However, science tells us that older adults are still capable of experiencing neuroplasticity especially with the help of cannabinoids. Our very own brain contains cannabinoid receptors too, so when we consume cannabinoids, studies show that it can help create new brain cells, forge new synapses, and ensure the viability of existing brain cells.

marijuana brain
Photo by Bulat Silvia/Getty Images

Certain negative experiences such as stress, trauma, and depression can weaken the synapses in the brain, resulting in impaired memory, learning, and overall plasticity. Meanwhile, physical conditions such as strokes, inflammation (due to diet or exposure to stress), traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and others can also impair the brain’s ability to heal itself and forge new connections.

Again, that’s where cannabis can help. Here’s what the studies have to say.

Cannabinoids Reduce Plaque Proteins Which Leads to Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 study conducted by researchers at the La Jolla Salk Institute discovered that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as well as other cannabinoids can help get rid of amyloid beta, a protein considered as toxic because its accumulation can lead to Alzheimer’s disease especially in aging brains. The presence of amyloid beta is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s.

“Although other studies have offered evidence that cannabinoids might be neuroprotective against the symptoms of Alzheimer’s, we believe our study is the first to demonstrate that cannabinoids affect both inflammation and amyloid beta accumulation in nerve cells,” explains senior author David Schubert.

They also found that high levels of amyloid beta have been linked to cellular inflammation and higher risk for neuron death.

brain
Photo by Milad Fakurian via Unsplash

Cannabis Protects Neurons In Injured Brains and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

2012 study involved researchers causing injuries on purpose, to the brains of rodent subject. They did this through repeated exposure to MDMA, carbon monoxide, and pentobarbital.

The rodents were administered with one low dose of THC, following the ratio of .002mg per kilogram of body weight. They found that just one low dose was protective against any damage to neurons, which are the cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals and aiding us in memory, thinking, movement, and other cognitive functions.

RELATED: Can Cannabis Keep Your Brain Young?

2019 study that was published in the medical journal, Brain Injury, found that while cannabis use had no impact on the recovery time for those who suffered concussions, it was linked to a reduction in symptom burden especially during the 3rd and 4th weeks following injury.

Additionally, a July 2020 literature review stated that “the use of cannabinoids in TBI increases neurobehavioral function and working memory performance.” They explain that it does this through the “down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers, edema formation and blood-brain barrier permeability, preventing neuronal cell loss and up-regulating the levels of adherence junction proteins.”

Cannabis Aids In Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis is the name given to the process of creating new brain cells. Neurogenesis plays an important role in improving synaptic plasticity, regulating our moods, and better memory.

There have been several studies proving how cannabis contributes to neurogenesis. In one study out of Italy, scientists discovered that cannabichromene (CBC), one of the lesser known cannabinoids in marijuana, can actually contribute to the growth of brain cells through neurogenesis.

RELATED: High-Strength THC Balanced With CBD Is Better For Your Brain, Study Shows

In another study conducted by researchers from the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, they sought to understand how cannabinoids impact the brain. Mice were injected with a synthetic drug called HU210, which is 100 times more potent than THC. A chemical tracer was then used to monitor the growth of any new cells. They found that HU210 was effective in promoting the growth of new brain cells, similar to how antidepressants work. “Most ‘drugs of abuse’ suppress neurogenesis,” says Dr. Zhang, who participated in the study. “Only marijuana promotes neurogenesis.”

cannabis brain
Photo by Feodora Chiosea/Getty Images

Other studies show that cannabidiol (CBD) is just as beneficial as THC for the brain, but both CBD and THC have neurogenic properties. “The pro-neurogenic effects of CBD might explain some of the positive therapeutic features of CBD-based compounds,” report German scientists back in 2010. In addition, CBD and THC have antidepressant properties, as well as other compounds in the cannabis plant, which help humans adapt to exposure to stress and injury.

Cannabis Aids In Healing of Mental Health Disorders

Many mental health disorders are affected by neuroplasticity. For one, post-traumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by recurrent nightmares, severe anxiety, and flashbacks. Trauma can change the actual structure of one’s brain, so there is a physical explanation to the changes in how the brain works.

RELATED: Should Cannabis Products Come With Mental Health Warnings?

Studies show that cannabis can help heal the brain and in doing so, help individuals heal from PTSD. A recent study revealed that CBD can boost blood flow to the brain, and positively affect memory processing. “There is evidence that CBD may help reduce symptoms of psychosis and anxiety. There is some evidence to suggest that CBD may improve memory function,” says the study’s lead author, Dr. Michael Bloomfield.

“Additionally, CBD changes how the brain processes emotional memories, which could help to explain its reputed therapeutic effects in PTSD and other psychiatric disorders,” he adds.

Conclusion

With all the valuable mechanisms that cannabis can help the human brain, it certainly is an excellent all-natural way to support our cognitive functions while also healing from emotional distress or brain injury. Making cannabis a part of your wellness regimen is a great way to give your brain the support it needs.

This article originally appeared on Cannabis.net and has been reposted with permission.

International Cannabis Reform Ramps Up In Europe, South America

The majority of the world appears to be moving towards some form of cannabis regulation, with an eye towards liberalization.

By Andrew Ward

Global cannabis reform is gaining momentum. What started as a ripple in three countries has become a global policy movement.

While many countries, primarily in Africa and Asia, continue to ban cannabis, a hotbed of reform activity is transpiring everywhere else.

Stateside, U.S. cannabis advocates continue to push for federal and local reform. Simultaneously, notable international cases, including that of WNBA star Brittney Griner, remind us that even though reform is underway, it is far from the endpoint proponents would like to reach.

International Reform Gaining Steam

Global cannabis reform continues to gain momentum via various regulatory frameworks and proposals.

“The majority of the world appears to be moving towards some form of cannabis regulation, with an eye towards liberalization,” said Jason Adelstone, an associate attorney for Vicente Sederberg.

Adelstone, whose focus areas include cannabis compliance and international policy, added, “What those systems look like can vary greatly.”

Depending on the nation, programs vary from permissive medical regulations to heavily regulated, GMP-style pharmaceutical markets. Medical and export-only models, such as that seen in Lesotho, are popular legislative approaches. In South Korea, cannabis-based drugs Epidiolex and Sativex are approved in some instances.

Mexico and South Africa have taken different approaches, legalizing cannabis via Supreme Court rulings. Neither passed laws through their legislative bodies.

Lewis Koski, chief strategy officer for Metrc, believes the approaches being taken by Malta and Luxembourg could offer an alternative model with credentialed companies spanning cultivators to social clubs. Both countries passed reform laws in 2021.

While activity continues, demand for information is reportedly growing before significant change is made in other markets. “There’s a real interest in hearing from other countries, companies, and experts that have experienced it differently around the world,” Koski said.

RELATED: Are Bad Actors In Cannabis On The Decline?

Right now, all eyes are on Germany. Proposed regulations were released and approved by the Federal Cabinet earlier in November, but reform efforts could be halted by the European Union, where politicians opposed to legalization have been lobbying against the measure.

Other European countries, including the Netherlands and Portugal, have passed cannabis or drug reform laws in previous years but did not fully legalize the plant.

Michael Sassano, founder and CEO of EU-based pharmaceutical and biotech company Somai Pharmaceuticals, said medical is “clearly the easier road” to legalization. Still, news from Germany has surrounding health ministers on notice.

EU cannabis legalization
Photo by Anton Petrus/Getty Images

“The big question isn’t if cannabis will increase globally; it’s simply a matter of rules to open access to patients and adult use,” Sassano said.

Adelstone mentioned that additional countries, including the Czech Republic and Ireland, could soon join Germany in passing cannabis reform laws.

Susanne Caspar, CEO of Swiss-based botanical extract producer Linnea, feels “great progress” is underway. Switzerland’s progress includes legalizing medical cannabis this past summer.

Expanded access emboldened Linnea, a 40-year-old brand, to expand into the cannabinoid marketplace further, Caspar said. As more nations consider reform, she urges lawmakers to consider the various needs of the market when creating regulations.

“The needs of the medical patient and the recreational customer are not interchangeable,” stated Caspar.

Federal Movement in the U.S.

Back in the United States, two states, Maryland and Missouri, passed legalization ballot initiatives in November. Three other states — Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota — rejected their ballot measures, a distinct swing away from the green wave experienced two years ago.

Another hotbed of movement is New York. Ryan Kocot, a cannabis attorney licensed in California, Massachusetts, and New York, is interested to see if the Empire State’s model will shut out multi-state operators as some say the plan suggests.

RELATED: Will New York Be Able To Control Its Underground Market?

“There may be some unintended consequences, but the intention is to give smaller operators a chance,” he said.

The impact of that effort is to be determined. A mid-November lawsuit from an out-of-state retailer temporarily halted license issuances in five regions, including Brooklyn. The case, brought by Michigan-based Variscite NY One, contests New York’s CAURD program and its priority licensing for drug war victims.

legal marijuana
Photo by Baris-Ozer/Getty Images

For now, reform at the national level continues to be a wait-and-see game. Rumors about SAFE Banking Bill passing during the Congressional lame-duck swirl. If the U.S. does pass a significant piece of legislation, Sassano feels nearby nations could follow suit.

“South America will flip when the USA gets their federal act together,” he said. That continent has seen a flurry of medical laws implemented in several countries in recent years.

Boundaries of Legalization

Meanwhile, the Biden administration took action in October to correct damage caused by the War on Drugs, pardoning thousands who were convicted of simple federal cannabis possession. The move has split opinions.

Dr. Chanda Macias, CEO of Ilera Holistic Healthcare, approved. She said the action “sent a strong signal to the whole world the direction that the U.S. is headed towards in its cannabis policy, and hopefully, it’s a direction other countries will follow.”

David Holland, a cannabis attorney, wasn’t as sure. Holland, who has worked with federal regulators for more than 30 years, said he couldn’t recall a simple federal possession case.

“It’s such a small group of people,” he said of the roughly 6,500 records reportedly affected by the decision.

However, the action also drew attention to the struggles of individuals convicted in outside the U.S. border. Cases like Griner’s have bred numerous public discussions about the collision between international and U.S. policy.

Calls for the release of Griner and similar individuals serving international cannabis sentences have grown recently. In November, Griner was transferred to a penal colony in Mordovia, Russia, to serve her nine-year sentence.

Kassia Graham, director of community and strategy for Cannaclusive, feels the ruling highlights the ongoing global drug war.

“As too many countries are enmeshed in the war on drugs, they have archaic rules that are an affront to a modern and informed society,” she said.

Holland feels Griner’s situation, which began during the onset of the recent U.S.-Russia-Ukraine tensions, isn’t a cannabis charge at its core.

“She’s a political prisoner,” Holland stated.

This article originally appeared on Green Market Report and has been reposted with permission.

The New Marijuana Research Bill Is Sign Federal Prohibition Is Ending

More research will give HHS and DOJ more data that will support the fact that marijuana’s Schedule I status is absolutely ridiculous.

On Friday, December 2, 2022, the White House announced that President Biden signed House Resolution 8454, into law. The new Marijuana Research Bill is a sign federal prohibition is ending.  What passed is:

H.R. 8454, the “Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act,” which establishes a new registration process for conducting research on marijuana and for manufacturing marijuana products for research purposes and drug development.

According to Kyle Jaeger of Marijuana Moment, this is a significant and historic moment in cannabis reform:

President Joe Biden has officially signed a marijuana research bill into law, making history by enacting the first piece of standalone federal cannabis reform legislation in U.S. history.

HR 8454 is not just historic because it’s the first standalone cannabis legislation in US history, it is also likely going to play a major role in ending federal prohibition.

In October, Biden requested that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) evaluate marijuana’s Schedule I status.

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The CSA establishes a process for determining the scheduling of substances and relies on research to support any movement across the schedules or to remove a substance from the CSA all together. For years, the feds have used the same outdated studies showing that marijuana is dangerous and without medical benefit. This has created a Catch-22 as described by cannabis policy expert John Hudak in a 2016 interview with NPR:

There is this cannabis Catch-22 and it is, as a Schedule 1 drug, it is very difficult to do research on the plant. There are only certain researchers who will get the certification and licensure necessary to handle the drug. Then, of course, you need the funding to study it. You need approval from university institutional review boards, and the burdens that exist to do the type of research on a Schedule 1 drug are tremendous. But that research is what will inform the medical community as to its medical use, and so what you need and what you can do are entirely prevented by this federal government policy.

HR 8485 could allow researchers to finally break this Catch-22 loop. More research will give HHS and DOJ more data that will support the fact that marijuana’s Schedule I status is absolutely ridiculous. That could very well lead Biden’s administration to remove marijuana from Schedule I and hopefully from the CSA all together.

cannabis research
Photo by Nastasic/Getty Images

How HR 8485 Works

The CSA governs drugs at the federal level, including marijuana. Any controlled substance must be handled in compliance with the CSA. Marijuana is a Schedule I substance, which is the most restrictive category for any drug in the US. Schedule I substances are nearly impossible to research because they are deemed to have no medical use and too dangerous for use even with a doctor.

The registration requirements for any person or entity hoping to research scheduled substances are contained in 21 USC 823(f). The new law amends 21 USC 823(f) by requiring the Attorney General to register practitioners to conduct research on marijuana and its derivatives, extracts, preparations, and compounds, if the applicants research protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Department of HHS, the National Institute of Health, and otherwise in compliance with federal regulations on research protocols. The applicant must also demonstrate how it will control marijuana to prevent diversion or otherwise unlawful use.

RELATED: The FDA Is Quietly Targeting CBD

HR 8454 also outlines what an application for marijuana research will entail. It also establishes security requirements and requires that the Attorney General and HHS consult to determine if there is an adequate supply of marijuana, including specific strains for research, and prepare a report to Congress on the matter.

HR 8485 also allows institutes of higher education, practitioners, or manufacturers to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess marijuana or cannabidiol if the purpose is for medical research for drug development so long as that person or entity is registered with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

HR 8485 also mandates that HHS, the National Institute of Health, and other federal agencies all report to Congress on the CBD, marijuana (including delta-9 THC), and the barriers associated with researching marijuana and CBD in states that have legalized their use. HHS and company will also be required to make recommendations on whether state-legal cannabis can be researched by federal agencies.

Daniel Shortt is a corporate and regulatory attorney based in Seattle, Washington who works extensively with entrepreneurs in the cannabis industry. You can contact him at info@gl-lg.com or (206) 430-1336. This article originally appeared on Green Light Law Group and has been reposted with permission. 

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