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Why Adults In Pain Are More Likely To Develop Marijuana Dependence

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Adults with moderate to severe pain are more likely to self-medicate with marijuana, which could lead to problematic use.

Pain is among the most commonly cited reasons patients gravitate to medical marijuana use. A new study shows, though, that pain could also cause non-medical users to self-medicate with marijuana. This pattern could eventually lead to problematic marijuana use, including developing cannabis use disorder.

According to the new research, adults with moderate to severe pain are more likely to consume marijuana that adults without pain. The group is also more likely to develop a dependence on marijuana through their self-medication practices.

“Despite this evidence, many people view cannabis use as harmless, and non-medical use of cannabis on a daily or near-daily basis has increased,” said lead author Deborah Hasin. “In our study, we hoped to identify factors — such as pain — that may increase the risk of cannabis use disorder.”

RELATED: How One Pediatrician Uses Marijuana And CBD In Palliative Care

The researchers behind the study, which was published in The American Journal of Psychiatry last month, analyzed data on marijuana use from the National Epidemiologic Surveys on Alcohol and Related Conditions. They focused on datasets from the years 2001-2002 as well as 2012-13, dividing between groups of adults with or without pain issues. The goal was to better understand potential risk factors of problematic cannabis use, in light of 34 states legalizing medical marijuana and 11 states passing adult-use marijuana legislation.

cannabis may treat fibromyalgia pain according to new study
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Overall, non-medical use has increased more than 5% in the United States between 2002 and 2013. Scientists found that adults with pain were significantly more likely to engage in non-medical marijuana use than those without pain (5.0% vs. 3.5%). They also concluded risk cannabis use disorder higher in adults with pain vs. without (4.2% vs. 2.7%).

RELATED: Can Medical Marijuana Help Alcoholics Stop Drinking For Good?

More than 66% of Americans view marijuana as beneficial to pain management. Other studies have shown that where marijuana is legal, opioid prescriptions fall. In this context, it appears scientists did not establish rigorous enough parameters for what qualifies as non-medical marijuana use. Still, it remains worthy of deeper analysis if adults with moderate to severe pain are at the same risk of cannabis use disorder as an opioid addiction.

“Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals treating patients with pain should monitor their patients for signs and symptoms of cannabis use disorder,” Hasin said.

5 Everyday CBD Products To Complement Your Day

CBD now shows up in all sorts of products, from coffee brews to sleep aids.

With CBD coming at us from all directions, there’s an astounding amount of products out there for your perusal. Despite a lack of legal clarity and FDA approval, these products have made their way into all sorts of households, from celebrities to your grandparents.

While there are some CBD products that will leave you scratching your head, there are others that, at least in theory, sound pretty interesting and worthwhile.

Here are 5 kinds of CBD products that will enliven your day. Just remember to spread them out throughout the day to avoid a CBD binge!

Protein shakes

CBD protein shakes do what standard protein shakes do — help you build muscle and contribute to weight loss programs — with the addition of reducing inflammation. If your muscles are less inflamed, your recovery is faster and less painful.

While you can make your own CBD protein shake at home, you can also purchase ones that are ready to consume, containing up to 250 mg of CBD.

Coffee

There’s no lack of CBD coffee, with many DIY recipes online and plenty of brands making their own versions. Depending on the blend and the maker of the product, each cup of coffee can contain different degrees of CBD, with all providing some relaxation and reigning in some of the anxious side effects of caffeine. Some brands you should check out include Strava Craft Coffee, Buddha Beans Coffee Co. and Flower Power Coffee.

Photo by Sara Johnston via Unsplash

Energy bars

If you’re planning on going through an intense workout class or hike, an energy bar is always a good thing to have on you. With the addition of CBD, these bars claim to help manage body and joint aches, ensuring your workouts are better and that your body can recover faster afterwards. Some of the most well reviewed brands include SNAAC CBD and Wise Bars.

RELATED: A Beginner’s Guide To Buying CBD Products

5 CBD Products To Use On A Super Productive Day
Photo by Dmytro Ostapenko via Unsplash

Cocktails

Although there are plenty of CBD beverages in the market, you can make your own CBD cocktails now with mixers like Aurora Elixirs, which have different flavors and some amount of CBD per serving. Although alcohol and CBD mixed together could quickly transform into a very sleepy experience, some research suggests that CBD can protect the liver from alcohol damage.

RELATED: How To Spot Fake CBD

alcohol
Photo by Nicole De Khors via Burst

As a sleep aid

Insomnia and trouble sleeping are ailments that affect most of us at some point in our lives, with sleep medications coming in with significant side effects. CBD sleep aids are available in different forms, like oral sprays and oils, and the effects are relaxing yet controlled, better for treating mild sleeping problems over full blown insomnia.

Hemp Farmers Still Searching For Companies To Buy Crop

What nobody told the farmers interested in incorporating industrial hemp into their plow and pick repertoire is that there might not be anyone out there willing to buy it after harvest. 

Cannabis advocates have spent decades preaching the need for industrial hemp production in the United States. Because not only is this plant a versatile product — one that can be used for fiber, fuel, food and even housing — they swore it would revitalize the national economy by providing the American farmer with another cash crop.

The big boys on Capitol Hill finally bought into this spiel a couple of years ago and legalized industrial hemp production at the federal level. 

The farming community was excited about this development, to say the least. After all, commodities prices on one-time cash crops like corn and soybeans have been dropping since 2013. But what nobody told the farmers interested in incorporating industrial hemp into their plow and pick repertoire is that there might not be anyone out there willing to buy it after harvest. 

In Wisconsin, a report from the Department of Agriculture shows that 94% of the state’s hemp crop has gone unsold. As sad as it sounds, only 6% of the hemp plants grown across the state have been turned into cash. And only a few farmers are reaping those benefits; the rest have been left with pipe dreams, more farm debt and a heap of hemp that no one wants. 

“So there is a lot of people sitting on material right now and nowhere to go. Part of it is lack of processors, lack of planning, especially in trying to create sales of their products,” Brad Hansen, Director of Operations at Ledge Rock Hemp, told NBC 26.

RELATED: First Year Hemp Growers Struggle To Reach Profitability

A lot of the problem is that while hemp has the potential to replace many traditional materials used to manufacture products here in the Land of the Free, only a select few companies are going that route. Not many changed the course of their production plans just because the government legalized industrial hemp. So, while thousands of farmers started getting into the hemp game once their state passed laws, they had nowhere to sell the crop once it was all said and done. 

Hemp Farmers Still Searching For Companies To Buy Crop
Photo by CasarsaGuru/Getty Images

The best some farmers can hope for right now is to sell off their inventories to companies in the business of manufacturing CBD products. After all, it’s a market that is predicted to generate more than $2 billion in 2020. But even that is a bust, considering the cost of hemp-derived CBD has declined by around 70% over the past year.

In Pennsylvania, the situation is much of the same. While some farmers have found the means to at least break even on their new hemp venture, others are taking it on the chin. “This year was, I think, probably in general a little bit of a disappointment for most people,” one hemp farmer told NBC affiliate WGAL. 

RELATED: Hemp Is On Its Way To Becoming An American Cash Crop, But Farmers Have Challenges

Hemp hopefuls attribute these dark days to the fact that there is no infrastructure in place yet to handle the business. 

“We’re building this entire new industry with new supply chains and new expectations, new paradigms, so it’s challenging in that regard, but also very exciting,” said Dr. Steve Groff, the owner of the hemp company Groff North America. Nevertheless, “I think the future is still incredibly bright for this and for Pennsylvania,” he added.

Agriculture experts say they agree that the lack of infrastructure is a big part of the problem. Still, they are cautioning farmers on this crop until that gets sorted. “There is no grain elevator where you can go and just sell your hemp,” said Liz Binversie, an Agriculture Educator with the University of Wisconsin. “I strongly recommend to not bet the farm on this, at least not now. Not until we have the infrastructure needed, not until we have pricing that’s maybe a little more reliable.”

Elizabeth Warren Reveals New Plan To Legalize Marijuana

Elizabeth Warren won’t penalize states that don’t legalize marijuana, but only if they change their weed-related arrest disparities.

Early in the 2020 election cycle, Democratic candidates for the presidential nomination rushed to support marijuana legalization. They backed ending prohibition and the War on Drugs, with some including expungement of past marijuana-related crimes. Now, as the primary race heats up, a new trend has emerged among candidates: explaining how they would legalize marijuana if elected president.

Bernie Sanders first detailed his plans to legalize cannabis through executive action in his first day in office. According to Politico,  during a rally in Denver over the weekend, Elizabeth Warren announced plans to decrease federal funding to states prohibiting marijuana legalization and enact legislation that would protect marijuana users and markets in legal states.

According to her website:

“Legalizing marijuana is about more than just allowing recreational use, or the potential medicinal benefit, or the money that can be made from this new market. It’s about undoing a century of racist policy that disproportionately targeted Black and Latino communities. It’s about rebuilding the communities that have suffered the most harm. And it’s about ensuring that everyone has access to the opportunities that the new cannabis market provides.”

RELATED: Why Michael Bloomberg’s Marijuana History Could Cost Him The Election

Unlike Sanders, Warren would not legalize cannabis during her first day in office. Instead, she would appoint leaders that back marijuana legalization and Warren’s criminal justice plans at large. The organization Warren would target include the Department of Justice, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Food and Drug Administration.

elizabeth warren reveals how jeff session catalyzed marijuana legalization
Photo by Win McNamee/Staff/Getty Images

Warren wouldn’t force conservative states to legalize marijuana, either. Her goal is to reverse the disproportionate impact from the War on Drugs on communities of color. States that don’t legalize cannabis who don’t improve their racial disparity in marijuana arrest rates would see reductions in federal funding for state law enforcement. The American Civil Liberties Union reports black people are nearly four times more likely than white people when it comes to marijuana-related arrests.

RELATED: The Surprising Effect Marijuana Legalization Has On Police Traffic Searches

In addition, Warren wants to protect legal state marijuana markets from “Big Tobacco.” Her goal would be to “preserve market access and competition,” so that communities of color and those currently building the young cannabis industry have a chance against “Big Tobacco.”

“Legalizing marijuana gives us an opportunity to repair some of the damage caused by our current criminal justice system, to invest in the communities that have suffered the most harm, and to ensure that everyone can participate in the growing cannabis industry,” Warren’s plan concludes. “We have an opportunity now to get this right, and I’ll fight to make that happen.”

New Orleans Mardi Gras Has A Cannabis Queen

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One of the krewes in this year’s Mardi Gras parade in New Orleans will feature a cannabis businesswoman as their queen.

Mardi Gras is one of Louisiana’ most important events, without a doubt the state’s most defining experience. The Mardi Gras parade in New Orleans is a big draw for tourists and businesses, with different “krewes” having a spot in the parade, each with an amazing history and legacy.

This year, the Zulu Krewe, known for its well respected members and the fact that Louis Armstrong was their king in 1949, broke cannabis boundaries when they announced that the group’s queen this year is Dr. Chanda Macias.

Dr. Macias is the owner and general manager of the National Holistic Healing Center Medical Marijuana Dispensary (NHHC), located in Washington D.C. Her organization provides education and medical marijuana support for patients and caregivers all according to D.C.’s Department of Health.

This Year's New Orleans Mardi Gras Krewe Has A Cannabis Queen
Photo by skeeze via Pixabay

RELATED: Forget High Grade Marijuana, Consumers Just Want Cheap Weed

“It was interesting, it was about a culmination of our looks together but more importantly I think that we focused on our platform,” Dr. Marcias told WGNO TV. “So we did a lot of community service events. We did toys for tots, we had our baskets, we went to a lot of schools and helped with the children, encouraging them to go into different careers and so even though I love the clothes I think the message was bigger for me.”

The Mardi Gras parade in New Orleans will take place tomorrow, February 25.

Marijuana Use Among Seniors Is Growing Fast

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A new study says there’s been a 75% increase in seniors who consume marijuana.

Between 2015 and 2018, the number of seniors over the age of 65 who smoked cannabis or consumed edibles increased by 75%, making them the fastest growing group of cannabis consumers in America.

Published in the Journal of the American Medial Association, the study shows that the increase in cannabis consumption is more pronounced in women, especially in those with higher incomes and higher levels of education.

“Consider that not even 10 years ago 0.4% of adults 65 and older said they had used marijuana in the past year, and now it’s 10 times that at 4%,” lead study author Benjamin Han told the New York Times.

RELATED: 6 Ways Cannabis Can Improve The Life Of Seniors

It’s unknown whether the seniors who were surveyed used marijuana throughout their lives or if they started using the drug now that it’s easier to access. Although researchers speculate that the drug is used for medicinal purposes, a large majority of the people surveyed were in good health.

new study confirms that seniors love to spread fake news
Photo by PICNIC_Fotografie via Pixabay

While these changes show that marijuana is being embraced by all sorts of people, even those who you’d think might be resistant to change, they also highlight how important it is to conduct more studies that ensure the health of this demographic.

RELATED: Senior Citizens Are The Biggest Marijuana Users In Canada

“Without this data, we wouldn’t know what was going on in this age group. It’s the fastest growing one and it’s important to study,” said UCLA research director Ziva Cooper. “You want to know about the frequency of use, what percentage are using daily, weekly, monthly, and what are the consequences of use in this age group.”

Like many aspects regarding marijuana use, the long term effects of the drug among seniors remains unknown.

5 Questions About Traveling With Marijuana Answered

No matter where you’re going and how you’re getting there, traveling with marijuana is a challenge.

If you’re a marijuana consumer, going on trips usually always prompts the question: Where am I going to find marijuana once I’ve arrived at my destination? While some rely on friends to point them in the right direction, you still need to know the state’s stance on legal weed.

Traveling with your own cannabis should be the logical choice, but it’s not. Despite the progress cannabis has made in the past few years, traveling with the drug, whether it’s medicinal, recreational or you’re traveling by plane or train, remains a bleak process, one that could easily put you in jail or in an awkward legal situation.

Here are 5 questions you may have about traveling with weed:

What’s the deal with airports?

Even without adding marijuana in the mix, airports are complicated places where you should be on your guard. If an agent finds marijuana, they’ll likely report it to the police and you’ll find yourself navigating the state’s regulations on marijuana, which can be very strict depending on where you are. It’s not advisable having any marijuana on you while in an airport.

What’s the TSA’s stance on marijuana?

what tsa would do if you got caught with marijuana
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RELATED: What TSA Would Do If You Got Caught With Marijuana

According to an April 2019 TSA Instagram post, agents are looking for possible threats and are not interested in drugs. Still, if officials find drugs on you, they’re forced to take them and report them to the police.

What about CBD?

Despite the fact that CBD is legal on a federal level and that the TSA says CBD oil is allowed in carry-on and checked out luggage, you should still ensure that your product contains less than 0.3% of THC. The fact that many CBD products are not FDA approved means that there’s a lot that depends on the officer who’s handling your case.

What if you have a medical marijuana card?

more delays in farce that is international cannabis rescheduling
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RELATED: TSA (Sort of) Allows (Some) Hemp-CBD Products on Flights

While it’s always important to have your documents on you, including medical marijuana card and a letter or prescription from your doctor, you should still be careful when having marijuana on you. Medical marijuana cards are not valid in states where the drug is illegal and, even if you’re in a legal state, TSA agents have no way of checking the validity of these cards. Again, it all depends on the officer on duty, and it remains a big risk to have drugs on you in an airport.

What if you’re driving or traveling by train?

When driving, it’s important to be discreet and to know the laws of the states you’re passing by. Check the amount that won’t get you in trouble and keep all drugs and alcohol in the trunk of your car. Carry all of your documents with you and never travel with medical marijuana in states where the drug remains illegal.

When traveling by train, most services prohibit all drugs and alcohol, whether they’re located in checked bags or on you. Still, read up on the different policies of these businesses since they tend to have small differences.

Dreaming About Better Heart Health? Here’s What Research Suggests

A team of researchers found a surprising connection between poor sleep scores and higher food weight and sugar consumption. 

A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA) illuminated the importance of a good night’s sleep for women and future research on the link between sleep’s impact on heart health.

The study’s authors showcased, “Poor sleep quality was associated with greater food intake and lower‐quality diet, which can increase cardiovascular disease risk.”

Four hundred and ninety-five women participated in the study, varying in ages from 20 to 76-years-old. Researchers used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which measures quality of sleep in older adults and the Insomnia Severity Index, a multiple-question guide to the effect of insomnia to look at sleep patterns in study participants. Marrying sleep data with each participant’s quality of diet, the team found a surprising connection between poor sleep scores and higher weight and sugar consumption. 

Legal Marijuana Saves 50000 lives a year study shows
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CBD and sleep: Is there a connection? 

Long studied for its effects on sleep quality and anxiety, a January 2019 study published in The Permanente Journal focused on the calming effect of CBD on the mind and body, without an issue of safety. The study’s authors cited, “CBD displays promise as a tool for reducing anxiety in clinical populations, but given the open-label and nonrandomized nature of this large case series.” 

RELATED: Demystifying Marijuana And Heart Health

Often better tolerated than other medicines for anxiety or depression, the researchers’ findings, “supported existing scientific evidence,” that CBD can have a positive effect on sleep and anxiety, possibly paving a path to reducing insomnia and depression tied to poor lack of sleep. 

The American Sleep Association touts CBD’s benefits for sleep as well. “Overall, there is scientific research that supports the theory that there are CBD health benefits. While more research needs to be done, the use of CBD can potentially decrease your symptoms of insomnia and help you get more quality sleep.” 

Americans as a whole are starting to add CBD oil to their nightly regimens. An August 2019 Gallup poll found that of the 14% of Americans that use CBD oil, 11% claim it’s to help with sleep-related issues.  With the cannabidiol market expected to rise to 17.3 million dollars by 2026, analysts are betting that American’s are seeking a solution to better sleep and lower anxiety.

RELATED: How Does Marijuana Affect My Sleep And Dreams?

A, “trillion-dollar healthcare problem,” lack of sleep is affecting the United States economy in surprising ways. From a lack of productivity, related health issues and mental health challenges, sleep not only matters to an individual’s health, but society as a whole.

Law Enforcement Is Trying To Be Cannabis Cool

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How is a cop supposed to tell the difference between a consumer using a legal product, and an illegal consumer using or transporting a product from the illicit market?

Law enforcement wants to take marijuana-intoxicated drivers off the road. But roadside testing devices are still unavailable. They want to help stop the illicit cannabis market. But one person’s ounce of weed looks like another’s. Law enforcement is trying to be cannabis cool, but it is tough.

They have their drug dogs at the ready. But drug dogs hit on hemp and marijuana, legal or not, and are being phased out or overruled.

For example, in a May 24, 2019 weekly roundup report by the Washington state Association of Prosecuting Attorneys, the Colorado Supreme Court reversed a conviction of a man in a case where a drug dog was used without the officer having probable cause that the man was in possession of a drug in violation of state law

Some states say that even the smell of marijuana can’t be used as a reason to pull someone over and search the car, or to search a person in the car after smelling marijuana, as in the 2018 case of a Maryland man. Washington D.C. police are advised that “simply smelling the odor of marijuana does not present a reasonable, articulable suspicion.”

For over 50 years, since the establishment of the Drug Enforcement Administration and the creation of the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana has been used as a prime offense to nail thousands and thousands of people, usually after a “probable cause” observation by the officer—a broken taillight, for example, that gives the officer a reason to approach a driver. The marijuana offense then becomes the cause for the arrest.

RELATED: Hemp: Marijuana Or Not Marijuana?

“I gotta tell you I think the police are confused,” former police commissioner of the Boston Police Department, Ed Davis said during a panel at the 2020 National Cannabis Industry Association conference in Boston recently. Davis was the police commissioner during the Boston Marathon bombing. Massachusetts voted to legalize recreational cannabis in 2016. “They very much want to do what the community wants them to do, and those people have spoken. Police need to pay attention to this new product, and think beyond arrests, and work with regulators to come up with strategies, and move forward in a positive manner.”

Never Admit To Police That You’ve Been Smoking Marijuana
Photo by Chalabala/Getty Images

Davis was in the narcotics division in Boston for ten years. “We didn’t care about marijuana. All of our efforts were directed to cocaine and heroin. In the course of that work, sometimes we would trip across a marijuana distributor. Marijuana cases were incidental to other cases.

RELATED: Police Field Tests Can’t Distinguish Between Hemp And Marijuana

“The cops are doing what the legislators tell them to do. I never heard a cop who came in to work and said I am going to go out there and get me some marijuana users. I see more marijuana arrests for contempt of cop, for example, where if someone is mouthing off to me, and I find some marijuana on them, I can hook them up and bring them in.”

Asked by The Fresh Toast how a cop on the street is supposed to tell the difference between a legal consumer using a legal product and an illegal user using or transporting a product from the illicit market, Davis said that it would be in the same way police would know a licensed cab driver from an unlicensed one. “We can do that by working with the health department regulations for example. We work very well with regulatory agencies. That way we can make sure that who we are dealing with is licensed or not licensed.”

At What Point Does Online Snooping Become A Problem

It’s common to look up romantic crushes online and pay attention to their activity. Still, it’s very easy to take things too far.

The urge to go through someone’s virtual life is strong, even with friends and acquaintances. When you’re romantically interested in someone, it’s almost impossible not to succumb to your curiosity and scroll to the depths of their Instragram profile, doing your best to avoid liking a photo that was uploaded over four years ago.

There’s nothing wrong with the occasional online snoop, which can even become a fun activity done with friends and a few drinks. Most of the time though, online stalking sessions are done in private and they tend to augment our insecurities, whether we’re dating that person or are simply curious about their lives.

While a significant number of people do it, at what point does online snooping become a problem?  Here is some advice to help you decide when to back off.

Do: for fun

Social media was developed to bring us closer to people from all corners of the world. This is amazing, since it introduces different perspectives, cultures and opinions that differ from yours and that you’d never encounter in your day to day life. There’s nothing wrong with following and going through a stranger’s Twitter or Instagram profile as long as it’s entertaining and doesn’t make you unhappy.

Don’t: when in a relationship

At What Point Does Online Snooping Become A Problem

Relationships are complex enough as-is. Add technology and it’s even worse, with people using these tools to track their partners, check their online interactions and more. While you may feel the urge to go through the people who like your boyfriend or girlfriend’s Instagram post, keeping track of their online activity is a slippery slope. Comments and likes can mean a hundred different things, and it’s extremely exhausting to try and decipher.

RELATED: 9 Social Media Hacks That Will Improve Your Feeds And Simplify Your Life

“One person who preferred to be anonymous admitted they check to see if the person they’re dating still likes his ex’s Instagram posts, and vice versa,” writes Mashable. Does that sound fun? No, it doesn’t.

Do: when you’re really into someone

So you just came home from a great date and want to continue to bask in the glow of this person, looking at their photos and hobbies and all that good stuff. Go ahead, there’s nothing wrong with enjoying yourself as long as you remember that social media is not all there is.

Don’t: Instagram stalk your ex

5 Instagram Accounts To Follow After A Break Up
Photo by Katka Pavlickova via Unsplash

RELATED: 5 Health Benefits Of Taking A Social Media Break

We’ve all been there. It’s unrealistic to say that you won’t ever do this, but it’s important to keep track of your behaviors. If you feel yourself becoming depressed for extended periods of time and being unable to engage with your phone if it’s not to check up on whatever it is that your ex is doing, cut yourself off from them. It may sound extreme, but the blocking option is there for everyone to use. While you may feel embarrassed to block your ex with whom you ended things amicably, your mental health comes first.

Do: before a first Tinder date

You may feel nervous before you go on a date with a stranger, so it’s okay to look them up and see if they look normal. It might even be advisable just as long as you don’t go overboard and freak them out by telling them about that cute photo of their dog you’ve never met.

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