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Home Brew Or Home Marijuana Cultivation: Which Is More Cost Effective?

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These are exciting times for the American buzz junkie. Not only are the beer selections landing on the market leaps and bounds beyond where they were two decades ago, but now there’s also legal marijuana in some parts of the country. Even if the walls of prohibition have not yet been knocked down in your neck of the woods, chances are they will drop in the not so distant future.

It is conceivable that by the year 2024, the United States will be a nation where adults 21 and older can enjoy marijuana responsibly without the threat of legal consequences. And that means just as many folks are going to be out there growing weed at home as there are getting into homebrew. Reports show that the sale of marijuana grow supplies have increased in Canada since going fully legal.

RELATED: Colorado To Clamp Down On Marijuana Home Grows

But if you had to choose which of these activities to get into right now, which would be more cost-effective? In this article, we will attempt to compare the startup cost of homebrewing vs. home grow.

Some folks will undoubtedly get into both in an attempt to save a few bucks throughout the year. The idea is that by becoming the head of production (brewmaster and grow master), it eliminates all of the corporate overhead and makes both beer and weed cheaper in the long run.

But are the savings worth the hassle?

Home Brew

The average beer drinker spends around $400 per year on retail suds. This is a modest calculation that hinges on a person dropping around $7-10 a week on a six-pack (nothing too cheap, but not too fancy either).

But to get started brewing beer at home, an initial startup investment of over $100 is needed for a basic brew kit. This is the sort of package that someone might use if they were trying to determine whether brewing their own beer is for them. An ingredient kit is also needed (around $25), which produces 5 gallons (around 50 beers). Sounds good so far, right? Bottles and other necessary supplies will run the cost up a little. All in, the first batch of homebrew could easily cost somewhere around $150 or more. This means dropping close to $20 for a six-pack.

RELATED: The Easy Way To Cultivate Your Own Medical Cannabis Seeds

The production cost will eventually come down a little. The second batch will be cheaper with the upfront investment on equipment out of the way. But more expenses are on the horizon as a person makes upgrades to their setup. In the long run, the savings experienced from brewing at home as opposed to getting it from the store is only around $60-80 per year. Unless a person loves the process, it’s not worth it.

Home Grow

Photo by skodonnell/Getty Images

Okay, but what about weed?

Not unlike homebrew, growing marijuana at home has its ups and downs. There are so many variables to consider when starting a home cannabis garden. Setting up a small space indoors to cultivate a few plants (using a grow tent) can be done with an investment of under $1,000. But there will be added expenses – soil, nutrients, etc. Larger indoor grow setups can hit the $2,000 mark. And when it comes to establishing an outdoor garden, depending on how elaborate a system a person wants, those can reach $2,500. Which is better, indoors or outdoors? Find out more on the subject here.

There is no doubt that the initial startup cost for a home grow system is more expensive than it is for home brew. Still, for the person with a green enough thumb to produce substantial yields, there are mega savings to be had by growing weed at home as opposed to getting it from the dispensary. Try paying between around $60-90 per ounce. This is a substantial savings considering that some folks are shelling out nearly $500 an ounce in some legal states. If marijuana is a big part of your life, this alone makes starting a home cannabis garden worth the time, labor and investment.

Palace Denies Kate Middleton Got Botox; Kylie Jenner Makes So Much Money Per Instagram Post

Palace Denies Kate Middleton Got ‘Baby Botox’

Via IHeart:

Kensington Palace has come out and denied rumors Kate Middleton got botox. The speculation began after a U.K. based plastic surgeon shared “before and after” photos of the Duchess on Instagram, detailing the procedures she allegedly received. Dr. Munir Somji, of the Dr. Medi Spa Clinic located in London, has since deleted his post.

“Our Kate loves a bit of baby Botox. Patients come from far and wide to see me for this procedure. It truly is so simple,” Dr. Somji captioned the side by side photos of Kate. “There is no excuse for doctors to leave patients with brows on the floor. Note the reduction of fine lines on the forehead. But also note the depression of the medial (middle part) brow but elevation of the lateral tail of the brow. The magic of baby Botox is that it does not leave you feeling so heavy and provides you with a subtle reduction of lines as well as a better eyebrow position. Now 90% of my patients have baby Botox and are happy even at 3-4 months post treatment.”

RELATED: Kate Middleton And Prince William’s Relationship Was No Accident

Dr. Somji shared a photo of Kate from 2016 alongside a more recent photo from this year. In the before photo, Kate definitely looks a little worn out, but remember: she’s a busy working royal with three children. Everybody has days where they look a little less polished than normal, even members of the royal family.

According to Page Six, Dr. Medi Spa wouldn’t confirm whether Kate was one of their patients. “We wouldn’t be able to disclose whether she is a client or not,” marketing manager Sammy Curry explained. “We have non-disclosure agreements where we can’t disclose our high-end clients. We absolutely can’t comment at all that she has come to us.”

As for why Dr. Somji posted photos of Kate of she’s not a patient? “He thought it was a good comparison picture to use to show the effects of Botox and obviously baby Botox which he does himself,” Curry continued. “He just wanted to show the transformation that it can create and obviously how it can be used for subtle results and how it’s really good for anti-aging.”

Kensington Palace, on the other hand, said Dr. Somji’s insinuations about the Duchess of Cambridge are “categorically not true” and “in addition, the Royal Family never endorse commercial activity.” So, there you have it. Kate didn’t get botox. Perhaps the more important question is, though, if she did…who cares? Let her live!

 

Kylie Jenner Makes So Much Money Per Instagram Post

Via IHeart:

Kylie Jenner is making SERIOUS bank off her Instagram posts.

According to Hopper HQ’s list of highest-paid Instagram Stars of 2019, Kylie is earning up to $1.2 million for a single IG post. The 21-year-old billionaire reportedly charges $1,266,000 per post on average, which is nearly $300,000 more than what she was charging in 2018.

RELATED: Designer Nipples Are Now A ‘Thing’ Thanks To Kendall Jenner

While the large figure is enough to make you wish you got on the Instagram game back in high school, it shouldn’t come as a surprise given the fact that Kylie was able to create a billion-dollar business because of her impactful social media influence and dedicated 141 million-plus followers.

Kylie may top the “Instagram Rich List,” but following in a close second is Ariana Grande, who gets $996,000 per post. Cristiana Ronaldo takes the third spot as he rakes in $975,000 per post, followed by Kylie’s sister Kim Kardashian at #4 with $910,000 per post, Selena Gomez at #5 with $886,000 per post, Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson at #6 with $882,000 per post, and Beyonce at #7 with $785,000 per post. Rounding out the top 10 is Taylor Swift at #8, she brings $748,000 per post, Neymar da Silva Santos Junior at #9, he brings in $722,000 per post, and Justin Bieber at #10 with $722,000 per post.

 

 

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‘Euphoria’ Has A Lot Of Sex, Drugs, And Alcohol, But That’s Not Necessarily A Bad Thing

Euphoria is one of the most discussed TV shows of 2019. Aside from the wonderful performances that it draws from its young cast, some of the show’s highlights include its kinetic editing and surreal cinematography. It’s also impossible to ignore the large amounts of sex, drugs and alcohol featured in every episode.

You can’t separate extreme behavior from Euphoria. Rue, the show’s protagonist, is a 17-year-old drug addict fresh out out of rehab. Her mission in the show’s first episodes is to find a way to get high again, no matter the cost. Once this is achieved, the show never backs down from the consequences of her actions, or of how awful drug addiction is.

RELATED: Study Says Teens Should Be Educated About Sexting Safely

While the appearance of drugs and alcohol on the show is excessive and unlike most shows out there—especially those that focus on teens—there’s a clear purpose to them. There’s also no encouragement of these behaviors. After watching an episode of Euphoria, I’d be surprised if you feel like having a drink.

Despite the fact teens nowadays are drinking and partying less than ever, there’s something truthful about the way the show portrays the teenage experience, which can at times feel like the end of the world. Euphoria‘s characters live in a world that suffocates them with alcohol, body image issues, sex, and drugs. While this may not be true to all teens right now, the ensuing isolation and the refuge that technology and social media provides is a reality for many. There’s an emotional truth in what the show is doing.

Drugs serve a clear purpose in Euphoria, with each terrifying scene propelling the story forward and drawing us deeper into the protagonist and narrator’s headspace. Many critics argue that the same can’t be said for the show’s sex scenes.

Despite the vast range of sex on the show and its welcome focus on penises, female characters appear more exposed and sexualized than their male counterparts. “Most of the young women of Euphoria are sexualized from the jump, given little initial backstory but plenty of screen time to hook up,” writes Kaitlin Reilly on Refinery 21.

While it is natural to flinch when watching violent sex scenes that involves teens, I think it’s important to highlight the good work that the show is doing in that regard. While Euphoria is obsessed with sex, there are no judgements. It devotes several scenes in discussing the importance of nudes and how impactful and sexually charged fan fiction can be for young women. There’s also an entire story line that focuses on porn and on the strange fetishes that the internet community fosters.

RELATED: Threesome Apps Are Real, But Do They Work?

In a strange way, by sensationalizing sex, we’re losing our sensitivity to it. While this isn’t good when it comes to violent behavior, there’s plenty of positivity to be acquired from a truthful depiction of nudes and sexting, of seeing young women have sex because they want to or having them wear the clothes they want to wear without caring about what other people think or say.

Euphoria is a mixed bag of story lines and behaviors. Some are better than others, but all of them are worthy of discussion. That makes it a better and riskier show than a large percentage of TV.

These Marijuana Painkillers Are 30X Stronger Than Aspirin

The next revolution in medical marijuana may have nothing to do with cannabinoids. Instead we’re talking about flavonoids, which scientists have known for almost 40 years possess an anti-inflammatory property more powerful than aspirin. But only due to Canada’s legalization of marijuana have researchers been able to dig into these cannabis properties with the proper rigor befitting modern science.

Flavonoids can be found in many plants and contribute to their color pigmentation. They aren’t just to make flowers and fruit look pretty, though. The created by flavonoids serves to protect various plants from harmful UV rays and diseases, while also attracting different bugs to provide pollination.

RELATED: Here’s Why Cannabis Juicing Can Be Good For You

This isn’t the only role brought by flavonoids, as they introduce other enriching characteristics to the plant—like the antioxidant quality you find in many superfoods. But some flavonoids only exist in the cannabis plants and we call those cannaflavins. Thanks to Canadian researchers, there is newfound interest in cannaflavins’ ability as a potent anti-inflammatory. Cannaflavin A and Cannaflavin B could be 30 times more powerful than aspirin, reports The Toronto Star.

These cannaflavins also don’t hold the consequences medical professionals usually associate with over-the-counter anti-inflammatories for an extended time. That healing property in cannaflavins was first found back in 1980 by scientists at the University of London. But there lies an important caveat to cannaflavins’ abilities.

Photo by Roxana Gonzalez/EyeEm/Getty Images

“This is very typical of many natural products that have therapeutic value,” Tariq Akhtar, an assistant professor at the University of Guelph’s department of molecular and cellular biology, told the Star. “And you can’t just grow fields and fields of the plant and expect to get enough of the bioactive compound out of them, because they’re in such low amounts and, since they’re complex chemicals, they’re hard to get at. Extracting and purifying them is possible, but it’s not economically viable.”

So no, consuming a bunch of cannabis won’t help you get the magical healing abilities of cannaflavins. But Akhtar and his team have developed and patented a new technique that can identify the genes responsible for Cannaflavins A and B, so they metabolically engineer those properties without having to produce a whole bunch of cannabis.

RELATED: How Black Pepper Sedates Marijuana Paranoia, According To Neil Young And Science

“What’s interesting about the molecules in cannabis is that they actually stop inflammation at the source,” Akhtar told the Star. “And most natural products don’t have the toxicity that’s associated with over-the-counter pain relief drugs, which, even though they’re very effective, do come with health risks. So, looking at natural products as an alternative is a very attractive model.”

But again, none of this would’ve been possible without legalization. The previous research that identified marijuana’s flavonoids was halted due to prohibition. It serves as another reminder why the work by activists is so vital to unlocking the true potential of the plant.

“We wouldn’t have been able to do this if it wasn’t for the climate right now in this country really pushing people like us to do this research,” Akhtar said. “There’s a lot more research that has to happen and I think working in Canada right now, at a time when our government has been really supportive of this agenda and there’s a lot of industrial and financial support available to actually research this plant, makes for really exciting times.”

The 5 Best Looks Sported By The Fashionable Meghan Markle

Meghan Markle has always been known for her fashion sense, but her presence in the public eye reached new heights once she announced her engagement with Prince Harry.

Since Markle was an actress and public figure long before her royal engagement, we’ve gotten to see her sense of style evolve like few public figures out there. We’ve watched her go through various stages, from a network TV show actress, to a humanitarian figure, to becoming a member for the royal family, to dressing up for pregnancy; all of which have altered her style.

RELATED: Meghan Markle Is Really Struggling With ‘The Intensity Of Spotlight’

While being a part of the royal family has made Markle follow a different set of protocols and rules than other public figures, she has always dressed fashionably and in ways that are understated and simple.

“I gravitate towards a neutral palette and really timeless pieces,” she said a few years ago in an interview with HELLO! Magazine.

Check out five of our favorite outfits from Meghan Markle through the years:

Photo by Mark Metcalfe/Stringer/Getty Images
Photo by WPA Pool/Pool/Getty Images
Prince William May Give Away Meghan Markle At Her Wedding
Photo by Chris Jackson/Staff/Getty Images

RELATED: Here’s Why Experts Think Meghan Markle Has Traded Her ‘Messy’ Bun For A Sleeker Version

Meghan Markle's Wedding Dress
Photo by WPA Pool/Pool/Getty Images
Photo by Chris Jackson/Staff/Getty Images

Neil Young Shared Black Pepper Calms Marijuana Paranoia

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Next time you’re experiencing marijuana-induced paranoia, we suggest listening to the wise words of Neil Young. No, Young’s lyrics won’t pacify your panic after smoking too much weed. Instead you’d have to listen to a 2014 Howard Stern interview, in which Stern confessed to not smoking marijuana as “it makes [him] paranoid.”

“Try black pepper balls if you get paranoid. Just chew two or three pieces,” Young responded. “I just found this out myself. Try it.”

Now, we expect a dubious reaction from readers on this advice. How could the basic condiment on your dining table solve high-minded anxiety and panic? Well, believe it or not, science backs up what Young is saying.

RELATED: Why Does Cannabis Make Some People Freak Out?

Whenever you consume cannabis flower, a complex reaction between various cannabinoids—including commonly known cannabinoids like THC and CBD—mix with various other plant properties to induce what’s known as the entourage effect. In its simplest explanation, the entourage effect occurs when these various plant properties collaborate to strengthen one another, and therefore become more effective. In other words, isolated CBD isn’t as potent as the CBD found in combination with THC and other cannabinoids.

Included in the cannabis plant equation are terpenes, which provide marijuana’s aroma and can be found across plant species outside cannabis. An article titled “Taming THC” from the Aug. 2011 issue of British Journal of Pharmacology: Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine, Part 1 reports that scientists have discovered more than a hundred terpenes in cannabis. According to the report, these terpenes “may contribute meaningfully to the entourage effects of cannabis-based medicinal extracts.”

Photo by Calum Lewis via Unsplash

Basically, terpenes can affect the physiological sensations you experience from marijuana. Eating a mango, for example, 45 minutes or an hour before a smoking session will guarantee the THC high stays with you longer. That’s because mangoes contain myrcene, a terpene also found in cannabis that expands the maximum saturation levels in your endocannabinoid receptors.

According to Cannabis Digest, these different terpenes can produce different adjunctive effects. “Anecdotal evidence suggests that the terpene alpha-pinene is alerting, limonene is “sunshine-y,” and beta-myrcene is sedating,” writes Cannabis Digest’s Owen Smith.

Guess where alpha-pinene is predominant? That’d be black peppercorn. As the authors of “Taming THC” explain, pinene acts as “a potent inhibitor” to a THC-high run rampant. Put simply, the terpenes in black pepper work synergistically with THC to create a calming, therapeutic effect. Still not getting it? How about this? Ingesting black pepper tells your THC-high brain to chill the eff out.

The next trick, of course, is remembering all this the next time weed gives you mind-numbing anxiety and you think the cops are outside. Good luck.

Having A High Alcohol Tolerance Isn’t As Great As You Might Assume

Some people have more alcohol tolerance than others for no apparent reason.

Most of us highlight the importance of influencing factors like gender, height, weight, and each person’s experience with alcohol, with tall and heavy males having the most tolerance out of all. In some cases, people’s tolerance escape these simple parameters, leaving us with no apparent scientific explanation.

While it is true that males and people with larger body masses tend to have more resistance to alcohol, other biological factors that are harder to pinpoint also play a part. The Huffington Post spoke with some biologists and experts who explained the role that elements like enzymes and neurotransmitters play in this complicated process.

RELATED: 5 Tips For Drinking Alcohol Without Getting Wrecked

“Much of the alcohol processed in the body is initially metabolized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to a compound called acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is further metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase,” says Brad Uren, assistant professor at the Unversity of Michigan. “This can lead to flushing of the skin, and worsening or increased symptoms commonly associated with hangover.”

When it comes to our neurotransmitters, researchers theorize that people with a higher tolerance may not receive the standard brain signals that others do, missing out on the cues that let them know they should stop drinking.

Exposure to alcohol also plays a role in people’s tolerance, with people who drink habitually being capable of having the same amount of drinks as others without feeling or acting drunk. Still, researchers stress on the importance of the amount of alcohol consumed, no matter how drunk people act or appear.

RELATED: Replace Your Favorite Alcoholic Drinks With These Cannabis Equivalents

“It is not safe to assume that these individuals are better able to perform tasks that require concentration and reaction time, such as driving a vehicle, as if they had not consumed alcohol,” says Uren.

In other words, if you have a high tolerance for alcohol and have had over five drinks, you could still have a high level of alcohol in your bloodstream. This could produce unexpected reactions in your body or get you a DUI, just like everyone else.

Just because someone has a high tolerance doesn’t mean that they’re exempt from the negative side effects of alcohol. These people face the same risks that people with low tolerance do, especially when it comes to the long term effects of alcohol, which appear in the shape of diseases like brain damage, cirrhosis of the liver, gastritis and stomach cancer. In fact, “capable” drinkers are at a higher risk of developing diseases and alcoholism since they tend to drink more alcohol than lightweights do.

Meghan Markle’s Idol Visited Her And Archie At Home; Lifetime Is Making A Movie About The College Admissions Scandal

Meghan Markle’s “Idol” Secretly Visited Her and Archie at Home

Via Yahoo:

Dr. Jane Goodall stopped by the Duke and Duchess of Sussex’s home at Frogmore Cottage, when Archie was just about a month old, BAZAAR.com reported yesterday. The famous anthropologist spilled details on the visit during an appearance with Prince Harry and young leaders from around the world at Windsor Castle this week.

Goodall recalled how excited Duchess Meghan was for their encounter: “She told me, ‘I’ve hero-worshipped you all my life. You’ve been my idol since I was a child.” Goodall also got to cuddle Archie, whom she described as “very cute, very gentle.

 

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“We know that [Prince Harry] is keenly involved in youth and global environmental issues and Dr. Goodall believes that his visit will inspire the participants knowing that someone of his stature is eager to learn of their efforts,” the Jane Goodall Institute spokesperson said. “Those involved in @rootsandshoots are already making a vast difference in their countries to benefit the community, animals, including domestic animals and the environment we all share.” Read more about #princeharry ‘s visit to the Roots & Shoots global summit at #Windsor today! Link to piece in @goodmorningamerica in bio. Learn more and get involved at www.rootsandshoots.org | #janegoodall #drjanegoodall #sussexroyal #drgoodall #rootsandshoots #youthpower #activism #youth #changemakers #royalfamily #jgi #inspirational

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Yes, Lifetime Is Making The College Admissions Scandal Into A Real Movie

Via IHeart:

Well, well. Lifetime is about to cash in on that college admissions scandal involving Lori Loughlin and Felicity Huffman with an upcoming movie inspired by biggest scam to sweep the nation.

According to The Hollywood Reporter, the network will premiere College Admissions Scandal this fall, per a press release. And in case you’re wondering, yes: the film sounds as juicy as the real deal.

“College Admissions Scandal will follow two wealthy mothers who share an obsession with getting their teenagers into the best possible college,” reads the statement. “When charismatic college admissions consultant Rick Singer offers a side door into the prestigious institutions of their dreams, they willingly partake with visions of coveted acceptance letters in their heads. But when Singer cooperates with the FBI and pleads guilty, the mothers who risked everything for their kids, must face the consequences of their crimes and the loss of trust and respect from their families.”

RELATED: Dogs of Instagram: Rottweiler

In case it wasn’t obvious, the “two wealthy mothers” are inspired by Loughlin and Huffman, who were among 50 people indicted back in March for their alleged participation in the college bribery scheme.

Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli have been accused of paying $500,000 to falsify their two daughters’ SATs and have them assigned as athletes to facilitate their acceptance into the University of Southern California. Huffman allegedly paid $15,000 to have the same done for her daughter.

Loughlin, who pled not guilty on charges of mail fraud and money laundering conspiracy, faces up to 40 years in prison. Huffman, who was among 13 parents to plead guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, faces up to 20 years behind bars.

 

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Can This Company Fix California’s Black Market Problem?

It’s little secret that despite the legalization of recreational marijuana in various states, a black market still thrives underneath the surface. Even in Canada this seems to be the case. Legalization does not automatically equate the erasure of a decades-long underground operations, which should exactly be a surprise here.

But the reasons why black markets survive in legalized states each have a different explanation. In California, what drives consumers to black market marijuana is simple—it’s cheaper. Not only is cannabis more expensive per gram in legal markets, high taxes also adds to the cost. In some cases, you’re not buying a premium quality bud, either. Think about it: When presented the opportunity, why wouldn’t you buy weed that was both cheaper and better?

One California company wants to disrupt the California black market, though. Flower Co. which calls itself the “Costco of Cannabis,” aims to do so by excising the middle man and directly connecting growers to customers. To achieve that direct access, however, customers will need to buy an annual $119 subscription with Flower Co.

RELATED: You’ll Never Guess Which Country Smokes The Most Weed

As Tech Crunch reports, Flower Co. members save 40% in their weed purchase, which adds up when buying weight. Buying an ounce of the Forbidden Fruit strain will cost you $142 for a membership, but will run you $192 without one. The company’s goal is to persuade would-be black market consumers to go legit through their service. Accordoing to Flower Co. CEO Ted Lichtenberger, the regulated market is about a quarter of the size compared to the black market.

“We understand that we’re in the first inning of what’s probably a pretty long game, because this industry, as it goes federally legalized is going to have another massive transition moment just like it’s having right now as it’s getting legalized and regulated in California,” Lichtenberger told Tech Crunch. “So if we have a great understanding of our customers and stay focused on keeping them delighted, and then be nimble in the face of that change, then we can come out as the dominant player in the delivery market.”

Cannabis: Misinformation About CBD Can Be Life-Threatening

Hyperbole can be rampant in health news, particularly with respect to cannabis. One recent headline declared: “CBD is effective in treating heroin addiction.” Another proclaimed: “New study finds CBD could curb heroin addiction.”

These stories were referring to a recent study in the American Journal of Psychiatry that found a short-term course of cannabidiol (CBD) reduced cue-induced cravings and anxiety in drug-abstinent individuals who were recovering from opioid use disorder, specifically heroin addiction.

This study is undoubtedly exciting and a welcome contribution to the scientific literature demonstrating the potentially helpful role of cannabinoids in the treatment of opioid use disorder.

That said, there is a mismatch between these headlines and the accurate interpretation of the findings from the study. And this mismatch is not trivial.

Medicinal uses of cannabidiol

CBD is one of many phytocannabinoid compounds found in the plant cannabis sativa. It is quickly gaining traction as a legitimate medicine in the medical community. For example, it has been associated with benefits in treating some neurological disorders and has recently been FDA-approved for the treatment of seizures in people with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy.

CBD has also been linked with success in treating some psychiatric symptoms — such as anxiety and psychosis — and its use has been shown to reduce the size of certain cancerous tumors in animal models.

RELATED: 5 Tips To Help You Spot Wellness And CBD Knockoffs

Further, unlike its sister cannabinoid, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD is largely non-intoxicating and therefore is thought to be non-addictive. It also appears to be relatively safe to use. It’s no wonder CBD has garnered so much excitement and positive attention.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a compound derived from hemp and marijuana that doesn’t cause a high, is now added to an array of products, from drinks to skin creams. (Jennifer Lett/South Florida Sun-Sentinel via AP, File)

That said, scientific enterprise is a slow-moving and cautiously critical machine, and we still have much to learn about the medicinal uses of CBD. In fact, there remains a substantial gap between the hype surrounding CBD and the actual evidence guiding its medicinal use.

Participants already abstinent

In the study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, the researchers recruited 42 people recovering from opioid use disorder (specifically heroin) and randomly allocated them to either a treatment group (to receive 400 or 800 milligrams of CBD once a day) or a control group (to receive a placebo once a day).

An important aspect of the study is that participants were already abstinent, not actively using heroin, and not experiencing heroin withdrawal. In other words, the participants were in recovery and CBD was not used to treat their withdrawal or maintain tolerance. It was instead used to help treat cravings for heroin and anxiety that were experimentally induced (for example, by showing participants videos and objects related to heroin use) that could lead to relapse.

The researchers concluded:

“CBD’s potential to reduce cue-induced craving and anxiety provides a strong basis for further investigation of this phytocannabinoid as a treatment option for opioid use disorder.”

It is worth reiterating and highlighting that the study compared CBD to a placebo group, and did not compare to other opioid agonist treatments, such as therapy with methadone (Methadose) or buprenorphine (Suboxone).

Additionally, and importantly, the participants were abstinent and not in active withdrawal.

Opioid agonist treatments are particularly helpful for the mitigation of opioid cravings and withdrawal. Another therapeutic effect of opioid agonist treatments is that they help people in recovery maintain some level of tolerance to opioids, which is helpful for preventing overdose in the event of relapse.

RELATED: Can Marijuana Wean Pain Patients From Their Reliance On Opioids?

One particular opioid agonist medication, buprenorphine, even blocks stronger opioids like heroin from working as effectively. CBD, on the other hand, does not provide these important protective effects.

Further, to suggest that CBD is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder is misleading and harmful, as this misinformation could be used to justify not initiating, or discontinuing, opioid agonist medications.

Language matters

The findings from the opioid study are certainly important. Investigations into novel therapies that can help people manage cravings to use drugs such as opioids is a major advancement. If future studies can replicate these findings, especially among people who are experiencing difficulties with management of cravings, then this would lend stronger support to the idea that CBD could be used as an adjunctive treatment to opioid agonist therapies among people who are experiencing opioid use disorder.

Crucially, this means that we need many more studies and funded research to fully understand exactly how CBD might play a role in the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Despite what some headlines might have implied, this study does not indicate that CBD should replace first-line, evidence-based opioid agonist therapies such as methadone and buprenorphine.

Nor does it suggest that “CBD is effective in treating heroin addiction.”

These conceptual distinctions are not trivial because they may yield devastating consequences. When it comes to articulating the implications of scientific results that involve medical treatments, language matters. And so do headlines.The Conversation

Tyler Marshall, PhD Student, Graduate Research Assistant, University of Alberta and Jonathan N. Stea, Clinical Psychologist and Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Calgary

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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